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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJGB-23-09</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-3633</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭПИГЕНЕТИКА И РЕГУЛЯЦИЯ АКТИВНОСТИ ГЕНОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EPIGENETICS AND GENE REGULATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспрессия генов NUP153 и YWHAB с их канонических промоторов и альтернативных промоторов ретротранспозона LINE-1 в плаценте первого триместра беременности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Expression of the NUP153 and YWHAB genes from their canonical promoters and alternative promoters of the LINE-1 retrotransposon in the placenta of the first trimester of pregnancy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5315-4914</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деменева</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demeneva</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">deviva2503@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0716-4302</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Толмачева</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tolmacheva</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4230-6855</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3875-3932</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саженова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sazhenova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1343-5471</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юрьев</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yuriev</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7541-0317</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махмутходжаев</surname><given-names>А. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhmutkhodzhaev</surname><given-names>A. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9474-9335</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуев</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zuev</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9344-0253</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филатова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filatova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0070-4863</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дмитриев</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dmitriev</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7117-9250</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Даркова</surname><given-names>Я. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Darkova</surname><given-names>Ya. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1861-433X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назаренко</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarenko</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0482-8046</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5301-070X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской генетики, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Сибирский государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Siberian State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Research Tomsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской генетики, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук; Сибирский государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской генетики, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук; Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; National Research Tomsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Деменева В.В., Толмачева Е.Н., Никитина Т.В., Саженова Е.А., Юрьев С.Ю., Махмутходжаев А.Ш., Зуев А.С., Филатова С.А., Дмитриев А.Е., Даркова Я.А., Назаренко Л.П., Лебедев И.Н., Васильев С.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Деменева В.В., Толмачева Е.Н., Никитина Т.В., Саженова Е.А., Юрьев С.Ю., Махмутходжаев А.Ш., Зуев А.С., Филатова С.А., Дмитриев А.Е., Даркова Я.А., Назаренко Л.П., Лебедев И.Н., Васильев С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Demeneva V.V., Tolmacheva E.N., Nikitina T.V., Sazhenova E.A., Yuriev S.Y., Makhmutkhodzhaev A.S., Zuev A.S., Filatova S.A., Dmitriev A.E., Darkova Y.A., Nazarenko L.P., Lebedev I.N., Vasilyev S.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3633">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3633</self-uri><abstract><p>Для плаценты характерен уникальный гипометилированный геном. Благодаря этой особенности плаценты в первом триместре беременности наблюдается потенциальная возможность использования регуляторных элементов, полученных от ретровирусов и ретротранспозонов, которые во взрослом организме подавляются метилированием ДНК. Кроме того, у спонтанных абортусов и с нормальным кариотипом, и с анеуплоидиями отмечается аномальное повышение уровня метилирования ретротранспозона LINE-1 в трофобласте хориона, что может быть связано с нарушением транскрипции генов с использованием регуляторных элементов LINE-1. На сегодняшний день идентифицировано 988 генов, способных экспрессироваться с альтернативных промоторов LINE-1. Из них с помощью инструмента STRING были отобраны гены, продукты которых взаимодействуют с белками, экспрессирующимися на высоком уровне в плаценте и участвующими в дифференцировке трофобласта, NUP153 и YWHAB. Целью настоящего исследования являлся анализ экспрессии генов NUP153 и YWHAB с канонических и альтернативных промоторов ретротранспозона LINE-1 в зародышевой части плаценты спонтанных и медицинских абортусов первого триместра беременности. Определение уровня экспрессии генов проводили с помощью ПЦР в режиме реального времени в лимфоцитах взрослых индивидов (n = 10), в ворсинах хориона и экстраэмбриональной мезодерме медицинских абортусов (n = 10) и спонтанных абортусов с нормальным кариотипом (n = 10) и с наиболее частыми анеуплоидиями в I триместре беременности (трисомия 16 (n = 8) и моносомия X (n = 6)). Индекс метилирования LINE-1 оценивали в ворсинах хориона спонтанных абортусов с помощью таргетного бисульфитного массового параллельного секвенирования. Уровень экспрессии обоих генов с канонических промоторов был выше в лимфоцитах крови, чем в тканях плаценты (p &lt; 0.05). Однако уровень экспрессии гена NUP153 с альтернативного промотора LINE-1 был выше в 17 раз в ворсинах хориона и в 23 раза – в экстраэмбриональной мезодерме по сравнению с лимфоцитами (p &lt; 0.05). Между группами спонтанных абортусов с моносомией X и остальными группами были выявлены статистически значимые различия. Уровень экспрессии NUP153 и YWHAB с канонических промоторов был выше в группе спонтанных абортусов с моносомией X по сравнению со всеми другими группами (p &lt; 0.05). Индекс метилирования LINE-1 отрицательно коррелировал с уровнем экспрессии генов как c канонических (NUP153 – R = –0.59, YWHAB – R = –0.52, p &lt; 0.05), так и c альтернативных промоторов LINE-1 (NUP153 – R = –0.46, YWHAB – R = –0.66, p &lt; 0.05). Таким образом, наблюдаемое нами повышение индекса метилирования LINE-1 в плаценте спонтанных абортусов связано с уровнем экспрессии генов NUP153 и YWHAB не только с альтернативных, но и с канонических промоторов, что в дальнейшем может приводить к негативным последствиям для нормального эмбриогенеза.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The placenta has a unique hypomethylated genome. Due to this feature of the placenta, there is a potential possibility of using regulatory elements derived from retroviruses and retrotransposons, which are suppressed by DNA methylation in the adult body. In addition, there is an abnormal increase in the level of methylation of the LINE-1 retrotransposon in the chorionic trophoblast in spontaneous abortions with both normal karyotype and aneuploidy on different chromosomes, which may be associated with impaired gene transcription using LINE-1 regulatory elements. To date, 988 genes that can be expressed from alternative LINE-1 promoters have been identified. Using the STRING tool, genes (NUP153 and YWHAB) were selected, the products of which have significant functional relationships with proteins highly expressed in the placenta and involved in trophoblast differentiation. This study aimed to analyze the expression of the NUP153 and YWHAB genes, highly active in the placenta, from canonical and alternative LINE-1 promoters in the germinal part of the placenta of spontaneous and induced abortions. Gene expression analysis was performed using real-time PCR in chorionic villi and extraembryonic mesoderm of induced abortions (n = 10), adult lymphocytes (n = 10), spontaneous abortions with normal karyotype (n = 10), and with the most frequent aneuploidies in the first trimester of pregnancy (trisomy 16 (n = 8) and monosomy X (n = 6)). The LINE-1 methylation index was assessed in the chorionic villi of spontaneous abortions using targeted bisulfite massive parallel sequencing. The level of expression of both genes from canonical promoters was higher in blood lymphocytes than in placental tissues (p &lt; 0.05). However, the expression level of the NUP153 gene from the alternative LINE-1 promoter was 17 times higher in chorionic villi and 23 times higher in extraembryonic mesoderm than in lymphocytes (p &lt; 0.05). The expression level of NUP153 and YWHAB from canonical promoters was higher in the group of spontaneous abortions with monosomy X compared to all other groups (p &lt; 0.05). The LINE-1 methylation index negatively correlated with the level of gene expression from both canonical (NUP153 – R = –0.59, YWHAB – R = –0.52, p &lt; 0.05) and alternative LINE-1 promoters (NUP153 – R = –0.46, YWHAB – R = –0.66, p &lt; 0.05). Thus, the observed increase in the LINE-1 methylation index in the placenta of spontaneous abortions is associated with the level of expression of the NUP153 and YWHAB genes not only from alternative but also from canonical promoters, which can subsequently lead to negative consequences for normal embryogenesis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>невынашивание беременности</kwd><kwd>плацента</kwd><kwd>ретротранспозон LINE-1</kwd><kwd>метилирование ДНК</kwd><kwd>NUP153</kwd><kwd>YWHAB</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>miscarriage</kwd><kwd>placenta</kwd><kwd>retrotransposon LINE-1</kwd><kwd>DNA methylation</kwd><kwd>NUP153</kwd><kwd>YWHAB</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This work was conducted as part of the implementation of the topic of state task No. 1022072600037-4.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arai T., Kasper J.S., Skaar J.R., Ali S.H., Takahashi C., DeCaprio J.A. 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