vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ15.025vavilov-364Research ArticleБИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВPlant genetics and breedingГенетический контроль признаков, связанных с усвоением фосфора у сортов риса (Oryza sativa L.)Genetic control of traits determining phosphorus uptake by rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.)ГончароваЮ. К.GoncharovaJ. K.serggontchar@mail.ruХаритоновЕ. М.KharitonovE. M.Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт риса, Краснодар, пос. Белозерный, РоссияРоссияAll-Russia Rice Research Institute, Krasnodar, Belozernyi settlement, RussiaRussian Federation201504072015192197204Copyright © Гончарова Ю.К., Харитонов Е.М., 20152015Гончарова Ю.К., Харитонов Е.М.Goncharova J.K., Kharitonov E.M.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/364

Цель данного исследования – выявление генетического материала, характеризующегося высокой скоростью роста и максимальными размерами корневой системы; изучение полиморфизма российских и зарубежных сортов риса по маркерам, связанным с генами, определяющими эффективное использование фосфора; установление возможности использования перечисленных в статье SSR маркеров (Simple Sequence Repeats – простые повторяющиеся последовательности) для интрогрессии локализованных ранее генов и разделение образцов-доноров, выявляемых в российской генплазме, на группы с высокой вероятностью формирования устойчивости за счет различных генетических механизмов. Обсуждаются признаки, определяющие интенсивность поглощения фосфора сортами риса, и их наследование. Изучен полиморфизм 72 образцов риса российской и зарубежной селекции по скорости формирования корневой системы и ее размерам при созревании. Максимальная скорость формирования корневой системы характерна для сортов: Лиман, Арборио, Дальневосточный, Seleniо, Oceano, Атлант, Musa, Фонтан, Cerere, Шарм, Серпантин, Ханкайский 52, Лидер, Боярин, Дружный. Российские образцы характеризовались более высокой скоростью роста по сравнению с итальянскими. В фазу созревания масса корня у сортов риса варьировала от 1,5 до 4,5 г, максимальной массой корня характеризовались сорта: Карнизе, Рапан, Оникс, Г-57; длина корня у сортов риса варьировала от 17 до 26 см. Максимальные значения отмечены у сортов: Д 25-2, Г 75-5, Рыжик, Г-52, Крепыш, Снежинка. Полиморфизм российских и зарубежных сортов по всем изучаемым SSR локусам, связанным с генами, определяющими усвоение фосфора, показал наличие возможности проведения маркерной селекции в отношении этого признака в изученной генплазме. Максимальное число аллелей отмечено при использовании маркера RM 247, расположенного на хромосоме 12. 

The objectives of this research are: (1) to find genetic material associated with high growth rate and maximum size of root system, (2) to study polymorphism of rice varieties for markers connected with genes defining effective utilization of phosphorus, (3) to estimate the possibility of using listed SSR markers for introgression of previously mapped genes, and (4) to classify donor accessions found in the Russian gene pool into groups according to the probability of stability formation by various genetic mechanisms. Traits determining the rate of phosphorus uptake by rice varieties and their inheritance are discussed. Polymorphism of 72 rice accessions of Russian and foreign breeding by the rate of the formation of the root system and its size at maturity is considered. The highest rates of root system formation are found in varieties Liman, Arborio, Dalnevostochnyi, Selenio, Oceano, Atlant, Musa, Fontan, Cerere, Sharm, Serpentine, Khankaiskii 52, Leader, Boyarin, and Druzhnyi. Russian varieties outperform Italian ones in growth rate. Root weights at the maturation stage varied from 1,5 to 4,5 grams. Varieties Carnise, Rapan, Onix and G-57 display the greatest root weights at the maturation stage. Root lengths at the maturation stage varied from 17 to 26 cm. Varieties D 25-2, G 75-5, Ryzhik, G-52, Krepysh, and Snezhinka had the maximum values. Study of polymorphism of Russian and foreign varieties on the markers associated with the genes determining uptake of phosphorus has revealed polymorphism for all markers; thus, marker-assisted selection can be applied to them in breeding for this trait. The maximum number of alleles is noted for the RM 247 marker, located on chromosome 12. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.