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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ15.026</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-365</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Plant genetics and breeding</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>CAPS-маркеры в биологии растений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CAPS markers in plant biology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шавруков</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shavrukov</surname><given-names>Y. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">yuri.shavrukov@adelaide.edu.au</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Университет Аделаиды, отделение сельского хозяйства, питания и виноделия, Вайт Кампус, Хартли Гроув, Австралия<country>Австралия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Hartley Grove, Australia<country>Australia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>205</fpage><lpage>213</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шавруков Ю.Н., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шавруков Ю.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shavrukov Y.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/365">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/365</self-uri><abstract><p>Возможности CAPS-маркеров (Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences – полиморфизм рестрикционных фрагментов амплифицированной ДНК) для решения широкого спектра задач биологии растений способствовали их широкому использованию в последние годы в генетике и селекции растений. В данном обзоре проведен анализ результатов применения CAPS-маркеров за последние 3–5 лет. Особое внимание уделено работам, связанным с изучением генов, контролирующих хозяйственно важные признаки у различных видов растений, а также примерам использования CAPS-маркеров в селекции растений. Обсуждение данных работ предваряется упоминанием основных принципов разработки и анализа CAPS-маркеров, а также рассмотрением достоинств и недостатков данного класса ДНК-маркеров. Использование CAPS-маркеров основано на амплификации фрагмента ДНК при помощи ПЦР со специфическими праймерами и дальнейшем гидролизе с помощью эндонуклеаз рестрикции, продукты которого разделяются с помощью электрофореза в агарозном геле. Функциональные CAPS-маркеры разрабатывают на основе известной нуклеотидной последовательности изучаемого гена для характеристики его строения, функции, экспрессии и регуляции. CAPS-маркеры, основанные на фрагментах ДНК, тесно сцепленных с изучаемыми генами, особенно полезны для маркер-ориентированной селекции (Marker-Assisted Selection, MAS) и широко используются в отборе на устойчивость пшеницы, ячменя, сои, картофеля, томатов и других культурных растений к фитопатогенам. CAPS-маркеры часто применяют при создании генетических карт, а также для точной локализации изучаемых генов. С их использованием были впервые созданы молекулярно-генетические карты некоторых видов растений и картирован целый ряд генов и локусов количественных признаков (QTL), контролирующих тип развития растений, устойчивость к фитопатогенам, качество зерна (у некоторых видов злаков) и форму плодов (у томата). Важное применение CAPS-маркеры находят в филогенетических исследованиях, при изучении генетического полиморфизма, особенно у близких видов. Таким образом, CAPS-маркеры представляют собой эффективный инструмент как в молекулярно-генетических исследованиях, так и в селекции растений. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences (CAPS) markers are applicable in a wide range of tasksin plant biology. They have been developed for plant genetics and breeding and become especially useful. This mini-review analyzes information about the application of CAPS markers within the past3–5 years. In the presented study, special attention is focused on CAPS markers linked with genes controlling important agricultural traits in different crops. The main principles of the developmentand analysis of CAPS markers, as well as advantages and disadvantages of this type of molecular markers, are briefly outlined in the beginning of this review. CAPS markers are based on PCR amplification of DNA fragments with specific primers followed by digestion with restriction enzymes and separation of the products in agarose gel. Functional CAPS markers can be developed on the known sequence of a gene of interest for the analyses of its structure, function, expression, and regulation. CAPS closely linked to the gene of interest are especially helpful for Marker-Assisted Selection, and they are widely used in the breeding of wheat, barley, soybean, potato, tomato, and other crops for tolerance to various pathogens. CAPS markers are often used for the preparation of genetic maps and fine mapping of studied genes. For some plants, first moleculargenetic maps were prepared using CAPS. This method was also successfully used for the mapping of both individual genes and QTLs controlling such important traits as plant growth habit, grain quality, and tolerance to pathogens in cereals, as well as the shape of tomato fruit. CAPS have important applications in the analyses of genetic polymorphism and phylogeny, particularly, in closely related species. Thus, CAPS are an effective tool for molecular-genetic research and plant breeding. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генетика и селекция растений</kwd><kwd>ДНК-маркеры</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм рестрикционных фрагментов амплифицированной ДНК</kwd><kwd>CAPS</kwd><kwd>Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>plant genetics and breeding</kwd><kwd>DNA markers</kwd><kwd>CAPS</kwd><kwd>Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хлесткина Е.К., Салина Е.А. SNP-маркеры: методы анализа, способы разработки и сравнительная характеристика на примере мягкой пшеницы. 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