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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ15.027</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-366</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕПРОДУКТИВНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSIOLOGICAL GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Внутрисуточный ритм секреции глюкокортикоидов и динамика генного ответа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The ultradian rhythm of glucocorticoid secretion and the time course of target gene regulation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меркулов</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Merkulov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">merkti@niboch.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меркулова</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Merkulova</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, Россия&#13;
Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет», Новосибирск, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia&#13;
Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>214</fpage><lpage>221</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Меркулов В.М., Климова Н.В., Меркулова Т.И., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Меркулов В.М., Климова Н.В., Меркулова Т.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Merkulov V.M., Klimova N.V., Merkulova T.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/366">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/366</self-uri><abstract><p>Cекреция глюкокортикоидных гормонов (кортизола у людей и кортикостерона у грызунов) надпочечниками в течение суток имеет пульсирующий характер, с периодом примерно в 1 ч (ультрадианный, или внутрисуточный ритм), что находит отражение в содержании их в плазме и межклеточной жидкости. Однако подавляющее большинство исследований по регуляции экспрессии генов глюкокортикоидами выполнено без учета внутрисуточных колебаний гормонального уровня с использованием синтетических гормонов (дексаметазон, триамценолон), характеризующихся на порядок более прочными комплексами с рецептором глюкокортикоидов (ГР), чем природные гормоны. В настоящем обзоре собраны результаты пока немногочисленных исследований, проведенных с помощью воспроизводящей ультрадианный ритм обработки природными глюкоркортикоидами как культур клеток, так и адреналэктомированных животных. Анализ этих данных показывает, что в условиях физиологических пульсаций природных гормонов наблюдаются аналогичные часовые пульсации в связывании ГР со своими сайтами на ДНК (GREs) в ядрах клеток и такие же пульсации экспрессии генов на уровне первичных транскриптов как в культуре клеток, так и в разных органах экспериментальных животных. В противоположность этому, в результате циклической обработки синтетическим глюкокортикоидом дексаметазоном, так же как и в случае постоянного присутствия как природных, так и синтетических глюкокортикоидов, никаких пульсаций не происходит. Кроме того, количество зрелой мРНК исследованных генов оказывается существенно ниже в случае циклической обработки природными глюкокортикоидами по сравнению с циклическим введением дексаметазона или постоянным присутствием гормонов. Авторы проведенных исследований выдвигают предположение о том, что пульсация генов имеет большое значение для формирования правильного ответа на глюкокортикоидные гормоны и что постоянная гормональная стимуляция может приводить к искажению характера транскриптома клеток-мишеней и, следовательно, вызывать нежелательные физиологические последствия. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Glucocorticoid hormones (cortisol in humans and corticosterone in rodents) are secreted in discrete pulses during a day with a periodicityof approximately 1 h (ultradian rhythm), and this pattern is also maintained in plasma and extracellular fluid. However, the vast majority of studies on gene regulation by glucocorticoids typically assess gene responses regardless the ultradian rhythm. These experiments are usually performed using long-term stimulation with synthetic hormones (dexamethasone and triamcinolone), which form much more stable complexes with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) then natural hormones. This review summarizes the current scarce information, obtained in experiments mimicking the ultradian mode of natural hormone secretion in cultured cells and in animal models. The results of these experiments clearly demonstrate that ultradian stimulation by natural hormones induces rapid GR exchange with glucocorticoid response elements and leads to cyclic GR mediated transcriptional regulation (gene pulsing) at the level of nascent RNA. In contrast, synthetic glucocorticoids, having much higher receptor affinity, fail to disengage from nuclear receptors with sufficient speed to support the ultradian cycles, thereby uncoupling extracellular hormone fluctuations from appropriate receptor function at response elements. This alters RNA accumulation profiles dramatically. These findings suggest potentially important consequences of ultradian secretion. The transcriptional program induced by hormone pulses differs significantly from that generated by constant hormone treatment. Thus, treatment with synthetic glucocorticoids may not provide an accurate assessment of physiological hormone action. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глюкокортикоидные гормоны</kwd><kwd>внутрисуточный ритм</kwd><kwd>гены-мишени</kwd><kwd>транскрипция</kwd><kwd>динамика.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>glucocorticoid hormones</kwd><kwd>ultradian rhythm</kwd><kwd>target genes</kwd><kwd>transcription</kwd><kwd>dynamics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agbemafle B.M, Oesterreicher T.J., Shaw C.A., Henning S.J. 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