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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ15.028</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-367</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭВОЛЮЦИОННАЯ ГЕНЕТИКА И ВИДООБРАЗОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Animal genetics and breeding</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Динамика биоразнообразия черно-пестрого скота под воздействием кроссбридинга</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dynamics of the biodiversity of black and white cattle influenced by cross-breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зиновьева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinovieva</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">n_zinovieva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гладырь</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gladyr</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Багиров</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bagirov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брем</surname><given-names>Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brem</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">gottfried.brem@agrobiogen.de</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт животноводства им. академика Л.К. Эрнста», Московская область, Подольский район, пос. Дубровицы, Россия <country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">L.K. Ernst Institute for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, Podolsk district, Moscow region, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт животноводства им. академика Л.К. Эрнста», Московская область, Подольский район, пос. Дубровицы, Россия &#13;
Институт животноводства и генетики ветеринарно-медицинского университета, Вена, Австрия<country>Австрия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">L.K. Ernst Institute for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, Podolsk district, Moscow region, Russia&#13;
Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria<country>Austria</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>222</fpage><lpage>225</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зиновьева Н.А., Гладырь Е.А., Багиров В.А., Брем Г., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зиновьева Н.А., Гладырь Е.А., Багиров В.А., Брем Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zinovieva N.A., Gladyr E.A., Bagirov V.A., Brem G.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/367">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/367</self-uri><abstract><p>Межпородное скрещивание (кроссбридинг) способствует интродукции новых аллелей, повышению уровня генетического разнообразия крупного рогатого скота, достижению желательных фенотипических характеристик исходных пород. Однако следствием кроссбридинга может стать снижение степени генетической дифференциации пород, обусловленное потерей части их уникального аллелофонда. Цель настоящей работы – изучение влияния кроссбридинга на изменчивость аллелофонда отечественного черно-пестрого скота с использованием 10 локусов микросателлитов (BM1818, BM2113, ETH10, ETH225, TGLA122, TGLA126, TGLA227, ILST005, ETH185, ILST006). Исследо- вания проводили на чистопородных быках-производителях черно-пестрой породы (BW_PB, n = 14) и кроссах с голштинской породой с кровностью по черно-пестрой породе 25,0–62,5 % (BW_KR1, n = 16) и менее 12,5 % (BW-KR2, n = 67). В качестве группы сравнения использовали быков голштинской породы (HOLST, n = 42). Установлено, что с увеличением доли кровности по голштинской породе наблюдается снижение генетического разнообразия, оцененного по среднему числу эффективных аллелей (с 4,59 ± 0,46 до 3,87 ± 0,53), информационному индексу Шеннона (с 1,60 ± 0,13 до 1,46 ± 0,14) и уровню наблюдаемой гетерозиготности (с 0,779 ± 0,053 до 0,687 ± 0,055). Показано, что следствием кроссбридинга является повышение генетического сходства с HOLST: Fst = 0,058, 0,036 и 0,026, Rst = 0,088, 0,060 и 0,050, DNei = 0,306, 0,178 и 0,123 для BW_PB, BW_KR1 и BW_KR2 соответственно. Снижение генетических различий между черно-пестрой и голштинской породами, обусловленное кроссбридингом, подтверждено результатами кластерного анализа. Таким образом, для эффективного управления генетическими ресурсами сельскохозяйственных животных необходим мониторинг оценки состояния аллелофонда и уровня генетической изменчивости в популяциях. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The inter-breed crossing (crossbreeding) permits one to introduce new alleles, extend genetic diversity, and achieve desired phenotypic characteristics of initial breeds. On the other hand, crossbreeding may cause a decrease in genetic differentiation of indigenous breeds due to loss of the part of their unique allele pool. The objective of the present work was to investigate the effect of crossbreeding on the allele pool variability of Russian Black and White cattle by using 10 microsatellite loci (BM1818, BM2113, ETH10, ETH225, TGLA122, TGLA126, TGLA227, ILST005, ETH185, and ILST006). The study was performed with purebred pedigree bulls of the Russian Black and White breed (BW_PB, n = 14) and two groups of their crosses with Holsteins carrying 25,0–62,5 % (BW_KR1, n = 16) and less than 12,5 % of the Black and White gene pool (BW_KR2, n = 67). Purebred Holstein bulls (HOLST, n = 42) were used as a reference group. It was found that the increase in Holstein’s blood could lead to the observed decrease in genetic diversity evaluated by the average number of effective alleles per loci (from 4,59 ± 0,46 to 3,87 ± 0,53), by the value of the Shannon index (from 1,60 ± 0,13 to 1,46 ± 0,14) and by the observed heterozygosity degree (from 0,779 ± 0,053 to 0,687 ± 0,055). It is shown that crossbreeding with Holsteins increases the genetic similarity to HOLST: Fst = 0,058, 0,036, and 0,026; Rst = 0,088, 0,060, and 0,050; DNei = 0,306, 0,178, and 0,123 for BW_PB, BW_KR1, and BW_KR2, respectively. Decrease in the genetic difference between the Black and White breed and Holsteins due to crossbreeding is confirmed by cluster analysis. Thus, evaluation of the allele pool and the level of genetic variability in populations are necessary for the efficient management of farm animal genetic recourses. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пул аллельной изменчивости</kwd><kwd>породы крупного рогатого скота</kwd><kwd>микросателлиты</kwd><kwd>биоразнообразие</kwd><kwd>генетическое разнообразие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>llele pool variability</kwd><kwd>cattle breeds</kwd><kwd>microsatellites</kwd><kwd>biodiversity</kwd><kwd>genetic differentiation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Долматова И.Ю., Зиновьева Н.А., Горелов П.В., Ильясов А.Д., Гладырь Е.А., Траспов А.А., Сельцов В.И. 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