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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJGB-23-13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-3673</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МОЛЕКУЛЯРНАЯ И КЛЕТОЧНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обработка глифосатом приводит к накоплению в клетках растений малых дискретных 5′и 3′-концевых фрагментов 18S рРНК</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Glyphosate treatment mediates the accumulation of small discrete 5′ and 3′-terminal fragments of 18S rRNA in plant cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9646-033X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жигайлов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhigailov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andrzhig@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1597-7207</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Низкородова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nizkorodova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Almaty</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5946-5521</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарипов</surname><given-names>К. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharipov</surname><given-names>K. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Almaty</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2806-3009</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полимбетова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polimbetova</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Almaty</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5204-4377</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Искаков</surname><given-names>Б. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Iskakov</surname><given-names>B. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Almaty</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт молекулярной биологии и биохимии им. М.А. Айтхожина, Министерство науки и высшего образования Республики Казахстан<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>93</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Жигайлов А.В., Низкородова А.С., Шарипов К.О., Полимбетова Н.С., Искаков Б.К., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жигайлов А.В., Низкородова А.С., Шарипов К.О., Полимбетова Н.С., Искаков Б.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhigailov A.V., Nizkorodova A.S., Sharipov K.O., Polimbetova N.S., Iskakov B.K.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3673">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3673</self-uri><abstract><p>При многих видах стресса эукариотические клетки быстро снижают общий уровень трансляции большинства мРНК. Однако некоторые молекулярные механизмы ингибирования синтеза белка, такие как фосфорилирование эукариотического фактора элонгации трансляции (eEF2), функционируют у животных и дрожжей, но не реализуются у растений. Мы предполагаем, что существует альтернативный механизм ингибирования синтеза белка в клетках растений и, возможно, других эукариот, основанный на дискретной фрагментации молекул 18S рРНК внутри малых субъединиц рибосомы. Мы идентифицировали четыре малые РНК, индуцированные стрессом, которые представляют собой 5’и 3’-концевые фрагменты 18S рРНК. В настоящей работе мы исследовали индукцию дискретной фрагментации 18S рРНК и фосфорилирование α-субъединицы эукариотического фактора инициации 2 (eIF2α) в проросших зародышах пшеницы в присутствии глифосата, имитирующего состояние аминокислотного голодания. Используя нозерн- и вестерн-блоттинг, мы показали, что индуцированные стрессом фрагменты 18S рРНК начинают накапливаться в зародышах пшеницы при концентрациях глифосата, не вызывающих фосфорилирования eIF2α. Также установлено, что расщепление 18S рРНК вблизи 5’-конца начинается гораздо раньше, чем становится заметным фосфорилирование eIF2α при высокой концентрации глифосата (500 мкМ). Этот результат указывает на то, что дискретная фрагментация 18S рРНК может представлять собой регуляторный механизм трансляции мРНК в ответ на стресс и происходить в растительных клетках параллельно с фосфорилированием eIF2α и независимо от него. Выявленные 5’и 3’-концевые малые фрагменты 18S рРНК, накапливающиеся при различных стрессах, могут служить маркерами стрессоустойчивости в процессе селекции хозяйственно важных культур растений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Under many kinds of stress, eukaryotic cells rapidly decrease the overall translation level of the majority of mRNAs. However, some molecular mechanisms of protein synthesis inhibition like phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), which are known to be functional in animals and yeast, are not implemented in plants. We suggest that there is an alternative mechanism for the inhibition of protein synthesis in plant cells and possibly, in other eukaryotes, which is based on the discrete fragmentation of 18S rRNA molecules within small ribosomal subunits. We identified four stressinduced small RNAs, which are 5’and 3’-terminal fragments of 18S rRNA. In the present work, we studied the induction of 18S rRNA discrete fragmentation and phosphorylation of the α-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) in germinated wheat embryos in the presence of glyphosate, which imitates the condition of amino acid starvation. Using northern and western blotting, we have shown that stress-induced 18S rRNA fragments started to accumulate in wheat embryos at glyphosate concentrations that did not evoke eIF2α phosphorylation. It was also found that cleavage of 18S rRNA near the 5’-terminus began much earlier than eIF2α phosphorylation, which became noticeable only at higher concentration (500 μM) of glyphosate. This result suggests that discrete fragmentation of 18S rRNA may constitute a regulatory mechanism of mRNA translation in response to stress and may occur in plant cells in parallel with and independently of eIF2α phosphorylation. The identified small 5’and 3’-terminal fragments of 18S rRNA that accumulate during various stresses may serve as stress resistance markers in the breeding of economically important plant crops.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>зародыши пшеницы</kwd><kwd>18S рРНК</kwd><kwd>дискретная фрагментация</kwd><kwd>40S рибосомные субъединицы</kwd><kwd>глифосат</kwd><kwd>фосфорилирование eIF2α</kwd><kwd>стресс</kwd><kwd>голодание</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>wheat embryos</kwd><kwd>18S rRNA</kwd><kwd>discrete fragmentation</kwd><kwd>40S ribosomal subunits</kwd><kwd>glyphosate</kwd><kwd>eIF2α phosphorylation</kwd><kwd>stress</kwd><kwd>starvation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>Current work was carried out in the framework of scientific grant AP14869357 and program OR11465447 funded by the Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Altschuler M., Mascarenhas J.P. 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