vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJGB-23-15vavilov-3674Research ArticleМОЛЕКУЛЯРНАЯ И КЛЕТОЧНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯMOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGYКонтроль мейотического кроссинговера в селекции растенийControl of meiotic crossing over in plant breedinghttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2641-7069СтрельниковаС. Р.StrelnikovaS. R.

Москва

Moscow

recombination@iab.ac.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5963-8111КомахинР. А.KomakhinR. A.

Москва

Moscow

recombination@iab.ac.ruВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной биотехнологииРоссияAll-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural BiotechnologyRussian Federation20230604202327299100Copyright © Стрельникова С.Р., Комахин Р.А., 20232023Стрельникова С.Р., Комахин Р.А.Strelnikova S.R., Komakhin R.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3674

Мейотический кроссинговер является основным механизмом конструирования нового аллельного состава индивидуальных хромосом и необходим для равнозначного распределения гомологичных хромосом между гаметами. Сложившиеся в ходе эволюции параметры мейотического кроссинговера определены естественным отбором и не полностью соответствуют задачам селекционных исследований. В настоящем обзоре суммированы результаты экспериментальных работ, направленных на повышение частоты кроссоверов и перераспределение их позиций вдоль хромосом с помощью генетических манипуляций на разных этапах мейотической рекомбинации. Обсуждаются последствия инактивации и/или сверхэкспрессии генов SPO11, продукты которых генерируют мейотические двуцепочечные разрывы в ДНК, для перераспределения позиций кроссоверов в геноме различных организмов. Обобщены результаты исследований по влиянию инактивации или сверхэкспрессии генов RecA-подобных рекомбиназ на мейотический кроссинговер, в том числе у культурного томата (Solanum lycopersicum L.) и его межвидовых гибридов. Обсуждаются последствия инактивации ключевых генов системы мисмэтч-репарации. Их подавление позволило достоверно повысить частоту мейотической рекомбинации между гомеологами у межвидового гибрида дрожжей Saccharomyces cerevisiae × S. paradoxus и между гомологами у растений арабидопсиса (Arabidopsis thaliana L.). Рассматриваются попытки экстраполировать эти результаты на другие виды растений, у которых отмечены снижение репродуктивных свойств и микросателлитная нестабильность в геноме. Отдельно описаны наиболее значимые результаты по увеличению частоты мейотической рекомбинации при инактивации генов-репрессоров кроссинговера FANCM, TOP3α, RECQ4, FIGL1 и при сверхэкспрессии гена-энхансера кроссинговера HEI10. В некоторых экспериментах удалось практически на порядок повысить частоту мейотической рекомбинации и частично перераспределить позиции кроссоверов вдоль хромосом при полном сохранении плодовитости у арабидопсиса. Сходные результаты были получены для некоторых сельскохозяйственных культур.

Meiotic crossing over is the main mechanism for constructing a new allelic composition of individual chromosomes and is necessary for the proper distribution of homologous chromosomes between gametes. The parameters of meiotic crossing over that have developed in the course of evolution are determined by natural selection and do not fully suit the tasks of selective breeding research. This review summarizes the results of experimental studies aimed at increasing the frequency of crossovers and redistributing their positions along chromosomes using genetic manipulations at different stages of meiotic recombination. The consequences of inactivation and/or overexpression of the SPO11 genes, the products of which generate meiotic double-strand breaks in DNA, for the redistribution of crossover positions in the genome of various organisms are discussed. The results of studies concerning the effect of inactivation or overexpression of genes encoding RecA-like recombinases on meiotic crossing over, including those in cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and its interspecific hybrids, are summarized. The consequences of inactivation of key genes of the mismatch repair system are discussed. Their suppression made it possible to significantly increase the frequency of meiotic recombination between homeologues in the interspecific hybrid yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae × S. paradoxus and between homologues in arabidopsis plants (Arabidopsis thaliana L.). Also discussed are attempts to extrapolate these results to other plant species, in which a decrease in reproductive properties and microsatellite instability in the genome have been noted. The most significant results on the meiotic recombination frequency increase upon inactivation of the FANCM, TOP3α, RECQ4, FIGL1 crossover repressor genes and upon overexpression of the HEI10 crossover enhancer gene are separately described. In some experiments, the increase of meiotic recombination frequency by almost an order of magnitude and partial redistribution of the crossover positions along chromosomes were achieved in arabidopsis while fully preserving fecundity. Similar results have been obtained for some crops.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.