vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJGB-23-23vavilov-3682Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА ЖИВОТНЫХANIMAL GENETICSГенетический профиль популяции домашней кошки (Felis catus L.) острова Аошима (Япония)Genetic profile of domestic cat (Felis catus L.) population of Aoshima Island (Japan)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3016-2217ХолинС. К.KholinS. K.

Владивосток

Vladivostok

h.axyridis@mail.ruФедеральный научный центр биоразнообразия наземной биоты Восточной Азии, Дальневосточное отделение Российской академии наукРоссияFederal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202306042023272169176Copyright © Холин С.К., 20232023Холин С.К.Kholin S.K.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3682

Проанализирован генетический профиль популяции домашней кошки острова Аошима (Япония). Популяция возникла в середине прошлого века в результате завоза небольшой группы животных для борьбы с грызунами. По трем фотографиям определен фенотипический состав групп животных (75, 56 и 70 особей). Рассчитаны частоты мутантных аллелей сцепленного с полом локуса Orange и трех аутосомных локусов (Auguti, White и Long hair), отвечающих за окраску и длину шерсти. В популяции отсутствуют мутантные аллели d (локус Dilution), W и wg (White), tab (Tabby), TiA (Ticked), отмеченные в других популяциях Японии. Фенотипически это практически мономорфная популяция с преобладающим большинством рыжих и черепаховых особей. Большинство кошек имеют прерванные полосы (генотип Ti+Ti+TaM-). Популяция острова резко отличается от остальных популяций островов Японии по частотам двух мутантных аллелей, O и a. Частота аллеля O (q(O) = 0.580) – одна из самых высоких частот в регионе, а аллеля a (q(a) = 0.276) – меньше в два раза, чем в других популяциях. В обоих случаях отличие от частот в окружающих портовых популяциях статистически значимо (p < 0.0001). Генетический состав, частоты мутантных аллелей в популяции и характер ее происхождения указывают на значительное влияние эффекта основателя на генетическую структуру популяции домашней кошки о-ва Аошима. Независимое исследование популяции кошек о-ва Аошима обнаружило сходную генетическую структуру. Однако в популяции найдены особи, носители аллеля d. Возможно, это может быть вызвано различиями в методике определения фенотипа таких кошек. Частота аллеля a статистически значимо выше (0.534 против 0.276, p < 0.020). Все это, однако, не влияет на общий вывод о действии эффекта основателя при возникновении популяции кошек этого острова.

The paper analyzes the genetic profile of the domestic cat population of the Aoshima Island. The population has been established in the middle of the last century, after a small group of animals was imported for rodent control. Based on three photographs, the genotypes of the cats in three overlapping groups (75, 56, and 70 individuals) were determined. The mutant allele frequencies of the sex-linked O (Orange) locus and the three autosomal loci a, W, and l (Agouti, White, and Long hair) responsible for coat color and length were estimated. The population lacks the mutant alleles d (Dilution locus), W and wg (White), tab (Tabby), TiA (Ticked) present in other populations of Japan. This is an almost monomorphic population with prevailing red and tortoiseshell individuals. Most cats have interrupted stripes (genotype Ti+Ti+TaM-). The island’s population differs from the other populations of the Japanese islands in the frequencies of two mutant alleles, O and a. The frequency of the O allele (q(O) = 0.580) is one of the highest in the region, while the frequency of the a allele (q(a) = 0.276) is two times lower than in the other populations. In both cases, the differences in frequencies between the neighbouring populations are significant (p < 0.0001). An independent study of the same population revealed a similar genetic structure. However, it detected the presence of the d allele, the frequency of the a allele was higher (0.534 versus 0.276, p < 0.020). The genetic profile, frequencies of mutant alleles in the population, and history of its origin indicate a significant influence of the founder effect on the genetic structure of the island’s domestic cat population.

Felis catusгенетический профильостроваэффект основателяЯпонияFelis catusgenetic profileislandsfounder effectJapanThe author is sincerely grateful to Dr. R. Fagen (Juneau, USA), who suggested the idea of using photos of cats published on the Internet; to Dr. A.P. Kryukov (Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS, Vladivostok) – for assistance in obtaining Japanese publications, as well as to Professor P.M. Borodin (Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk) – for his help in preparing the publicationReferencesAdalsteinsson S., Blumenberg B. Simultaneous maximum likelihood estimation of the frequency of sexlinked orange and the male ratio in the cat. Carnivore Genet. Newsl. 1984;4:68-77.Adalsteinsson S., Blumenberg B. Simultaneous maximum likelihood estimation of the frequency of sexlinked orange and the male ratio in the cat. Carnivore Genet. Newsl. 1984;4:68-77.David V.A., Menotti-Raymond M., Wallace A.C., Roelke M., Kehler J., Leighty R., Eizirik E., Hannah S.S., Nelson G., Schäffer A.A., Connelly C.J., O’Brien S.J., Ryugo D.K. Endogenous retrovirus insertion in the KIT oncogene determines White and White spotting in domestic cats. G3 (Bethesda). 2014;4(10):1881-1891. DOI:10.1534/g3.114.013425.David V.A., Menotti-Raymond M., Wallace A.C., Roelke M., Kehler J., Leighty R., Eizirik E., Hannah S.S., Nelson G., Schäffer A.A., Connelly C.J., O’Brien S.J., Ryugo D.K. Endogenous retrovirus insertion in the KIT oncogene determines White and White spotting in domestic cats. G3 (Bethesda). 2014;4(10):1881-1891. DOI:10.1534/g3.114.013425.Dreux Ph. The cat population of péninsule Courbet, îles Kerguelen: an example of the founder effect. Polar Rec. 1974;17(106):53-54. DOI:10.1017/S0032247400031405.Dreux Ph. The cat population of péninsule Courbet, îles Kerguelen: an example of the founder effect. Polar Rec. 1974;17(106):53-54. DOI:10.1017/S0032247400031405.Eizirik E., David V.A., Buckley-Beason V., Roelke M.E., Schäffer A.A., Hannah S.S., Narfström K., O’Brien S.J., Menotti-Raymond M. Defining and mapping mammalian coat pattern genes: Multiple genomic regions implicated in domestic cat stripes and spots. Genetics. 2010;184(1):267-275. DOI:10.1534/genetics.109.109629.Eizirik E., David V.A., Buckley-Beason V., Roelke M.E., Schäffer A.A., Hannah S.S., Narfström K., O’Brien S.J., Menotti-Raymond M. Defining and mapping mammalian coat pattern genes: Multiple genomic regions implicated in domestic cat stripes and spots. Genetics. 2010;184(1):267-275. DOI:10.1534/genetics.109.109629.Goncharenko G.G., Lopatin O.E., Manchenko G.P. Mutant color genes in populations of domestic cats of Central Asia and European part of the Soviet Union. Genetika (Moskow). 1985;21(7):1151-1158. (in Russian)Goncharenko G.G., Lopatin O.E., Manchenko G.P. Mutant color genes in populations of domestic cats of Central Asia and European part of the Soviet Union. Genetika (Moskow). 1985;21(7):1151-1158. (in Russian)Jones E., Horton B.J. Gene frequencies and body weights of feral cats, Felis catus (L.), from five Australian localities and from Macquarie Island. Austral. J. Zool. 1984;32(2):231-237. DOI:10.1071/ZO9840231.Jones E., Horton B.J. Gene frequencies and body weights of feral cats, Felis catus (L.), from five Australian localities and from Macquarie Island. Austral. J. Zool. 1984;32(2):231-237. DOI:10.1071/ZO9840231.Kholin S.K. Bibliography on the population genetics of the domestic cat (Felis catus L.). Vladivostok: Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity Publ., 2018. (in Russian)Kholin S.K. Bibliography on the population genetics of the domestic cat (Felis catus L.). Vladivostok: Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity Publ., 2018. (in Russian)Kuznetsov V.M. Nei’s methods for analyzing genetic differences between populations. Problemy Biologii Productivnykh Zhivotnykh = Problems of Productive Animal Biology. 2020;1:91-110. (in Russian)Kuznetsov V.M. Nei’s methods for analyzing genetic differences between populations. Problemy Biologii Productivnykh Zhivotnykh = Problems of Productive Animal Biology. 2020;1:91-110. (in Russian)Lloyd A.T. Cats from history and history from cats. Endeavour. 1987; 11(3):112-115. DOI:10.1016/0160-9327(87)90197-9.Lloyd A.T. Cats from history and history from cats. Endeavour. 1987; 11(3):112-115. DOI:10.1016/0160-9327(87)90197-9.Nozawa K. Genetic polymorphisms in coat color and other morphological traits of the Japanese feral cats. The 5th compilation of smallisland data. Rep. Soc. Res. Native Livest. 2019;29:105-120.Nozawa K. Genetic polymorphisms in coat color and other morphological traits of the Japanese feral cats. The 5th compilation of smallisland data. Rep. Soc. Res. Native Livest. 2019;29:105-120.Nozawa K., Kawamoto Y. Genetic polymorphisms in coat color and other morphological traits of the Japanese feral cats. The 4th compilation of mainland data. Rep. Soc. Res. Native Livest. 2013;26: 105-139.Nozawa K., Kawamoto Y. Genetic polymorphisms in coat color and other morphological traits of the Japanese feral cats. The 4th compilation of mainland data. Rep. Soc. Res. Native Livest. 2013;26: 105-139.Nozawa K., Maeda Y., Hasegawa Y., Kawamoto Y. Genetic polymorphisms in coat color and other morphological traits of the Japanese feral cats. Report of the 3rd compilation of data. Rep. Soc. Res. Native Livest. 2000;18:225-268. (in Japanese)Nozawa K., Maeda Y., Hasegawa Y., Kawamoto Y. Genetic polymorphisms in coat color and other morphological traits of the Japanese feral cats. Report of the 3rd compilation of data. Rep. Soc. Res. Native Livest. 2000;18:225-268. (in Japanese)Nozawa K., Namikawa T., Kawamoto Y. Genetic polymorphisms in coat color and other morphological traits of the Japanese feral cats. Rep. Soc. Res. Native Livest. 1990;13:51-115. (in Japanese)Nozawa K., Namikawa T., Kawamoto Y. Genetic polymorphisms in coat color and other morphological traits of the Japanese feral cats. Rep. Soc. Res. Native Livest. 1990;13:51-115. (in Japanese)Peakall R., Smouse P.E. GenAlEx 6.5: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research – an update. Bioinformatics. 2012;28(19):2537-2539. DOI:10.1093/bioinformatics/bts460.Peakall R., Smouse P.E. GenAlEx 6.5: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research – an update. Bioinformatics. 2012;28(19):2537-2539. DOI:10.1093/bioinformatics/bts460.Robinson R. Mutant gene frequencies in cats of Cyprus. Theor. Appl. Genet. 1972;42(7):293-296. DOI:10.1007/BF00277721.Robinson R. Mutant gene frequencies in cats of Cyprus. Theor. Appl. Genet. 1972;42(7):293-296. DOI:10.1007/BF00277721.Robinson R. Genetics of colors. In: Cat Genetics. Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ., 1993a;44-53. (in Russian)Robinson R. Genetics of colors. In: Cat Genetics. Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ., 1993a;44-53. (in Russian)Robinson R. Coat structure genetics. In: Cat Genetics. Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ., 1993b;53-57. (in Russian)Robinson R. Coat structure genetics. In: Cat Genetics. Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ., 1993b;53-57. (in Russian)Robinson R., Manchenko G.P. Cat gene frequencies in cities of the USSR. Genetica. 1981;55(1):41-46. DOI:10.1007/BF00134003.Robinson R., Manchenko G.P. Cat gene frequencies in cities of the USSR. Genetica. 1981;55(1):41-46. DOI:10.1007/BF00134003.Schüler L., Borodin P.M. Influence of sampling methods on estimated gene frequency in domestic cat populations of East-Germany. Arch. Anim. Breed. 1992;35(6):629-634.Schüler L., Borodin P.M. Influence of sampling methods on estimated gene frequency in domestic cat populations of East-Germany. Arch. Anim. Breed. 1992;35(6):629-634.Searle A.G. Gene frequencies in London’s cats. J. Genet. 1949;49(3): 214-220. DOI:10.1007/BF02986074.Searle A.G. Gene frequencies in London’s cats. J. Genet. 1949;49(3): 214-220. DOI:10.1007/BF02986074.Todd N.B., Jeanne R.L. Some cats of São Paulo, Brazil. J. Hered. 1972;63(6):321-323. DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a108307.Todd N.B., Jeanne R.L. Some cats of São Paulo, Brazil. J. Hered. 1972;63(6):321-323. DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a108307.Todd N.B., Lloyd A.T. Mutant allele frequencies in the domestic cats of Portugal and the Azores. J. Hered. 1984;75(6):495-497. DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a109994.Todd N.B., Lloyd A.T. Mutant allele frequencies in the domestic cats of Portugal and the Azores. J. Hered. 1984;75(6):495-497. DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a109994.Twedt D.J. Influence of survey methods and sample sizes on estimated gene frequencies in domestic cat population. J. Hered. 1983;74(2): 121-123. DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a109736.Twedt D.J. Influence of survey methods and sample sizes on estimated gene frequencies in domestic cat population. J. Hered. 1983;74(2): 121-123. DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a109736.van Aarde R.J., Robinson T.J. Gene frequencies in feral cats on Marion Island. J. Hered. 1980;71(5):366-368. DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a109391.van Aarde R.J., Robinson T.J. Gene frequencies in feral cats on Marion Island. J. Hered. 1980;71(5):366-368. DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a109391.Zhivotovsky L.A. Population Biometry. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1991. (in Russian)Zhivotovsky L.A. Population Biometry. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1991. (in Russian)

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.