vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJGB-23-26vavilov-3731Research ArticleГЕНОМИКА И ТРАНСКРИПТОМИКАPLANT GENETICS AND BREEDINGВлияние генов NAM-1 на содержание белка в зерне и показатели продуктивности у линий мягкой пшеницы с интрогрессиями чужеродного генетического материала в условиях БеларусиEffect of NAM-1 genes on the protein content in grain and productivity indices in common wheat lines with foreign genetic material introgressions in the conditions of Belarushttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1187-1317ОрловскаяО. А.OrlovskayaO. A.

Минск

Minsk

O.Orlovskaya@igc.byhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2242-7107ВакулаС. И.VakulaS. I.

Минск

Minsk

ЯцевичК. К.YatsevichK. K.

Минск

Minsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0295-5022ХотылеваЛ. В.KhotylevaL. V.

Минск

Minsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0175-9786КильчевскийА. В.KilchevskyA. V.

Минск

Minsk

Институт генетики и цитологии Национальной академии наук БеларусиБеларусьInstitute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of BelarusBelarus202302062023273197206Copyright © Орловская О.А., Вакула С.И., Яцевич К.К., Хотылева Л.В., Кильчевский А.В., 20232023Орловская О.А., Вакула С.И., Яцевич К.К., Хотылева Л.В., Кильчевский А.В.Orlovskaya O.A., Vakula S.I., Yatsevich K.K., Khotyleva L.V., Kilchevsky A.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3731

Современные сорта мягкой пшеницы (Triticum aestivum L.), селекция которых велась в основном на увеличение продуктивности, часто имеют невысокое качество зерна. Обнаружение у сородичей пшеницы аллелей генов NAM-1, ассоциированных с высоким содержанием белка, увеличило значимость отдаленной гибридизации для повышения питательной ценности зерна T. aestivum L. Целью настоящей работы были изучение аллельного состава генов NAM-А1 и NAM-B1 у интрогрессивных линий пшеницы и их родительских форм и оценка эффекта различных вариантов генов NAM-1 на содержание белка в зерне и признаки продуктивности пшеницы в полевых условиях Беларуси. Исследовали родительские сорта яровой мягкой пшеницы, образцы тетраплоидных и гексаплоидных видов рода Triticum, а также 22 интрогрессивные линии, полученные с их участием (вегетационный период 2017–2021 гг.). Впервые установлены и зарегистрированы в международной молекулярной базе данных GenBank полноразмерные нуклеотидные последовательности гена NAM-A1 образцов T. dicoccoides к-5199, T. dicoccum к-45926, T. kiharаe, T. spelta к-1731. В исследуемой выборке выявлено шесть комбинаций аллелей NAM-A1/B1, частоты встречаемости которых варьировали от 40 до 3 %. Совместный вклад генов NAM-A1 и NAM-B1 в изменчивость хозяйственно важных признаков пшеницы составил от 8–10 % (масса зерна с растения и масса 1000 зерен) до 72 % (накопление белка в зерне). Для большинства изученных признаков доля изменчивости, обусловленная погодными условиями, была невелика (1.57–18.48 %). Показано, что наличие функционального аллеля NAM-В1 обеспечивает высокий уровень накопления белка в зерне независимо от погодных условий и при этом не приводит к существенному снижению массы 1000 зерен. Высокие показатели продуктивности и уровня накопления белка в зерне установлены для генотипов, сочетающих гаплотип NAM-А1d и функциональный аллель NAM-B1. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют об эффективности интрогрессии функционального аллеля гена NAM-В1 от видов-сородичей для повышения питательной ценности мягкой пшеницы.

Modern varieties of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) bred mainly for high productivity are often of low grain quality. The identification of NAM-1 alleles associated with high grain protein content in wheat relatives has enhanced the significance of distant hybridization for the nutritional value of T. aestivum L. grain. In this work we aimed to study the allelic polymorphism of the NAM-A1 and NAM-B1 genes in wheat introgression lines and their parental forms and evaluate the effects of various NAM-1 variants on the grain protein content and productivity traits in the field conditions of Belarus. We studied parental varieties of spring common wheat, the accessions of tetraploid and hexaploid species of the genus Triticum and 22 introgression lines obtained using them (2017–2021 vegetation periods). Full-length NAM-A1 nucleotide sequences of T. dicoccoides k-5199, T. dicoccum k-45926, T. kiharae, and T. spelta k-1731 accessions were established and registered with the international molecular database GenBank. Six combinations of NAM-A1/B1 alleles were identified in the accessions studied and their frequency of occurrence varied from 40 to 3 %. The cumulative contribution of NAM-A1 and NAM-B1 genes to the variability of economically important wheat traits ranged from 8–10 % (grain weight per plant and thousand kernel weight) to up to 72 % (grain protein content). For most of the traits studied, the proportion of variability determined by weather conditions was small (1.57–18.48 %). It was shown that, regardless of weather conditions, the presence of a functional NAM-B1 allele ensures a high level of grain protein content; at the same time, it does not significantly decrease thousand kernel weight. The genotypes combining the NAM-A1d haplotype and a functional NAM-B1 allele demonstrated high levels of productivity and grain protein content. The results obtained demonstrate the effective introgression of a functional NAM-В1 allele of related species increasing the nutritional value of common wheat.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.