References

vavilov

Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding

2500-3259

Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS

10.18699/VJGB-23-27

vavilov-3732

Research Article

ГЕНОМИКА И ТРАНСКРИПТОМИКА

PLANT GENETICS AND BREEDING

Морфогенетические особенности репродуктивной биологии в селекции сахарной свеклы (Beta vulgaris L.)

Morphogenetic peculiarities of reproductive biology in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) breeding

Жужжалова

Т. П.

Zhuzhzhalova

T. P.

пос. ВНИИСС, Рамонский район, Воронежская область

vil. VNIISS, Ramonsky district, Voronezh region

biotechnologiya@mail.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5959-047X

Налбандян

А. А.

Nalbandyan

A. A.

пос. ВНИИСС, Рамонский район, Воронежская область

vil. VNIISS, Ramonsky district, Voronezh region

Васильченко

Е. Н.

Vasilchenko

E. N.

пос. ВНИИСС, Рамонский район, Воронежская область

vil. VNIISS, Ramonsky district, Voronezh region

vasilchenko@inbox.ru

Черкасова

Н. Н.

Cherkasova

N. N.

пос. ВНИИСС, Рамонский район, Воронежская область

vil. VNIISS, Ramonsky district, Voronezh region

Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сахарной свеклы и сахара им. А.Л. МазлумоваРоссияThe A.L. Mazlumov All-Russian Research Institute of Sugar Beet and SugarRussian Federation

2023

02062023

273207217

2023

Жужжалова Т.П., Налбандян А.А., Васильченко Е.Н., Черкасова Н.Н.

Zhuzhzhalova T.P., Nalbandyan A.A., Vasilchenko E.N., Cherkasova N.N.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3732

В обзоре рассмотрены процессы морфогенеза, задействованные при разработке методов размножения и создания нового исходного материала сахарной свеклы. Показано, что методы партикуляции, микроклонирования in vitro и клеточной селекции, отражая неполовые формы репродукции растений, повышают результативность селекционных экспериментов. Приведены данные применения методов культуры in vitro, сохраняющих склонность растений к вегетативному размножению и стимулирующих повышение генетической изменчивости при использовании мутагенов этилметансульфоната, методов генетической трансформации (бактериальные гены mf2 и mf3) и селективных агентов (ионы Сd++ и абсцизовая кислота). Отражены результаты применения методов оценки степени самонесовместимости растений: флуоресцентной микроскопии, цитофотометрии, и определения уровня фитогормонов и содержания нуклеиновых кислот в ядрах клеток для прогнозирования завязываемости семян. Выявлено, что длительное самоопыление растений вызывает снижение фертильности пыльцевых зерен, стерилизацию мужских гамет и образование пистилодийных цветков. Самофертильные растения, выделенные из этих линий, служат закрепителями стерильности. В обзоре продемонстрирована роль апомиксиса в реализации изменчивости при онтои филогенетическом развитии растений. Отражены морфологические особенности развития половых и соматических клеток зародышей in vitro при формировании проростков на основе флоральной и вегетативной эмбриоидогении. Применение молекулярно-генетических маркеров SNP и SSR, обладающих высоким уровнем полиморфизма, оказалось эффективным для характеристики создаваемого селекционного материала гибридов при проведении скрещиваний. Интерес для селекции представляют исследования исходных материалов сахарной свеклы на наличие минисателлитных локусов TRs, позволившие выявлять растения-опылители О-типа (закрепитель стерильности) и растения МС (мужскостерильные) формы. Созданный материал может найти широкое использование в селекционной работе при создании гибридных форм, сокращая сроки селекции в 2–3 раза. Обсуждаются перспективы разработки и возможности применения новых методов и оригинальных схем в генетике, биотехнологии и селекции сахарной свеклы.

This review considers the processes of morphogenesis used in the development of propagation methods and the creation of a new starting material for sugar beet. It has been demonstrated that methods of particulation, in vitro microcloning and cell breeding that reflect non-sexual forms of plant reproduction increase the effectiveness of breeding experiments. The review describes the in vitro culture methods maintaing a tendency in plants for vegetative propagation and stimulating increase in genetic variability of properties when mutagens such as ethyl methanesulfonate, alien genetic structures with mf2 and mf3 bacterial genes in Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains, and selective agents (Сd++ ions and abscisic acid) are incorporated into plant cells. It presents the results of using fluorescent microscopy, cytophotometry, biochemical analysis and determining the level of phytohormones and content of nucleic acids in nuclei for forecasting the seed setting ability. It has demonstrated that long self-pollination of plants causes decrease in fertility of pollen grains, resulting in the sterilization of male gametes and the appearance of pistillody flowers. Self-fertile plants isolated from these lines serve as sterility fixers, while the apomixis elements increased the ovule number, additional embryo sacs and embryos. A role of apomixis in contributing to variability in the ontoand phylogenetic development of plants have been substantiated. The review reflects the morphological features of the in vitro development of sexual and somatic cells in embryos during the formation of seedlings based on floral and vegetative embryoidogeny. Use of the SNP and SSR (Unigenes) molecular-genetic markers having a high polymorphism level has appeared effective to characterize the developed breeding material and hybrid components when carrying out crossings. The study of sugar beet starting materials for the presence of TRs mini-satellite loci making it possible to reveal O-type plants-pollinators (sterility fixing agent) and MS-form plants are of interest for breeding as well. The selected material can be widely used in breeding to produce hybrids, allowing for a 2–3-fold reduction of the development period. The review also discusses the prospects for the development and implementation of new methods and original schemes in sugar beet genetics, biotechnology and breeding.

сахарная свекларепродукцияморфогенезэмбриоидогениямолекулярные маркерысамонесовместимостьцитоплазматическая мужская стерильность (ЦМС)апомиксис

sugar beetreproductionmorphogenesisembryoidogenymolecular markersself-incompatibilitycytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)apomixis

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.