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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJGB-23-39</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-3770</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНОМИКА И ТРАНСКРИПТОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PLANT GENETICS AND BREEDING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Создание и изучение гибридов полба (Triticum dicoccum) × тритикале</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Creation and study of emmer (Triticum dicoccum) × triticale hybrids</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3299-2975</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Силкова</surname><given-names>О. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Silkova</surname><given-names>O. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">silkova@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9655-4539</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>Y. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стёпочкин</surname><given-names>П. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepochkin</surname><given-names>P. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Сибирский научно-исследовательский институт растениеводства и селекции – филиал Федерального исследовательского центра Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Siberian Research Institute of Plant Production and Breeding – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>323</fpage><lpage>332</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Силкова О.Г., Иванова Ю.Н., Стёпочкин П.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Силкова О.Г., Иванова Ю.Н., Стёпочкин П.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Silkova O.G., Ivanova Y.N., Stepochkin P.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3770">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3770</self-uri><abstract><p>Тритикале (× Triticosecale Wittmack) представляет большой интерес как страховая культура, способная обеспечить стабильность валового сбора фуражного и продовольственного зерна с более низкими затратами. В Западной Сибири возделываются сорта только озимых тритикале, однако яровые тритикале являются значимыми для выращивания в регионах, не пригодных для озимых культур. Для создания яровых сортов с высокой урожайностью и хорошим качеством зерна необходимо изучение и обогащение генофонда, выделение доноров хозяйственно ценных признаков. Одним из возможных путей решения этой задачи может быть получение вторичных гексаплоидных тритикале с привлечением тетраплоидного дикорастущего вида пшеницы полба Triticum dicoccum (Schrank) Schuebl. Целью данной работы было создание и изучение гибридов полбы T. dicoccum (Schrank) Schuebl. с гексаплоидной тритикале с использованием геномной in situ гибридизации при окрашивании мейотических хромосом и анализ элементов продуктивности растений в F4–F8. По признакам продуктивности и натуры зерна в гибридной популяции F4 были отобраны растения ДТ4, ДТ5, ДТ6 и выявленные в их потомстве пребридинговые формы F6 – ДТ 4/168, ДТ 5/176 и ДТ 6/186. Потомства гибридов ДТ4 и ДТ5 и форм ДТ 4/168 и ДТ 5/176 имели повышенную натуру зерна (свыше 750 г/л), но невысокую продуктивность. Гибрид ДТ6 и полученная от него форма ДТ 6/186 отличались высокими показателями продуктивности зерна (785 ± 41 и 822 ± 74 г/м2 соответственно), но, как и отцовская форма тритикале УК 30/33, имели пониженную натуру зерна. У растений потомства F8 ДТ 6/186 в мейозе обнаружено 7 гомологичных пар хромосом ржи и от 27 до 30 хромосом пшеницы, что свидетельствует о наличии полного генома ржи и двух геномов пшеницы AABB. Хромосомы ржи демонстрировали стабильное формирование бивалентов в отличие от хромосом пшеницы, что вызвало анеуплоидию в популяциях растений. Таким образом, получены гексаплоидные формы ДТ 4/168 и ДТ 5/176 с хорошо выполненным гладким зерном и высокой натурой зерна, которые можно использовать в качестве источника этого признака для селекции тритикале пищевого направления. Форма ДТ 6/186 перспективна для дальнейшего селекционного процесса с целью получения высокоурожайных форм тритикале.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) is of great interest as an insurance crop that can ensure the stability of the gross harvest of feed and food grains at a lower cost. In Western Siberia, only winter triticale varieties are cultivated, however, spring triticales are important for cultivation in regions not suitable for winter crops. To create spring varie ties with high yields and good grain quality, it is necessary to study and enrich the gene pool, identify donors of economically valuable traits. One of the possible ways to solve this problem can be through the production of secondary hexaploid triticales with the involvement of the tetraploid wild-growing species of emmer wheat Triticum dicoccum (Schrank) Schuebl. The aim of this work was to create and study hybrids of emmer T. dicoccum (Schrank) Schuebl. with hexaploid triticale using genomic in situ hybridization for staining of meiotic chromosomes and analysis of plant productivity elements in F4–F8. DT4, DT5, DT6 plants and the prebreeding F6 forms obtained from them – DT 4/168, DT 5/176 and DT 6/186 – were selected according to the characteristics of the productivity and the nature of the grain in the F4 hybrid population. The offspring of hybrids DT4 and DT5 and prebreeding forms DT 4/168 and DT 5/176 had an increased grain nature (over 750 g/l), but low productivity. The hybrid DT6 and the breeding form DT 6/186 obtained from it had high grain productivity (785 ± 41 and 822 ± 74 g/m2, respectively), but, like the paternal form of triticale UK 30/33, had a reduced nature of the grain. In F8 DT 6/186 plants, 7 homologous pairs of rye chromosomes and from 27 to 30 wheat chromosomes were found in meiosis, which indicates the presence of a complete rye genome and two wheat ААВВ genomes. Rye chromosomes showed stable formation of bivalents in contrast to wheat chromosomes, which caused the presence of aneuploids in plant populations. Thus, hexaploid forms DT 4/168 and DT 5/176 with well-made smooth grain and high grain size were obtained, which can be used as a source of this trait for selection of food-grade triticale. DT 6/186 is a promising form for further breeding in order to obtain high-yielding forms of triticale.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тритикале</kwd><kwd>Triticum dicoccum</kwd><kwd>отдаленные гибриды</kwd><kwd>геномная in situ гибридизация</kwd><kwd>признаки продуктивности</kwd><kwd>мейоз</kwd><kwd>пребридинговые формы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>triticale</kwd><kwd>Triticum dicoccum</kwd><kwd>wide hybrids</kwd><kwd>genomic in situ hybridization</kwd><kwd>productivity traits</kwd><kwd>meiosis</kwd><kwd>prebreeding forms</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This study was supported by ICG SB RAS budget project FWNR-2022-0017.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdelkawy R.N.F., Turbayev A.Zh., Solov’iev A.A. 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