vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJGB-23-44vavilov-3779Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА И СЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА ИММУНИТЕТ, КАЧЕСТВО, ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ И СТРЕССОУСТОЙЧИВОСТЬANIMAL GENETICS AND BREEDINGГенетические методы в селекции медоносной пчелыGenetic methods in honey bee breedinghttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4960-6559КаскиноваМ. Д.KaskinovaM. D.

Уфа

Ufa

kaskinovamilyausha@mail.ruСалиховаА. М.SalikhovaA. M.

Уфа

Ufa

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3285-118XГайфуллинаЛ. Р.GaifullinaL. R.

Уфа

Ufa

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0123-7037СалтыковаЕ. С.SaltykovaE. S.

Уфа

Ufa

Институт биохимии и генетики – обособленное структурное подразделение Уфимского федерального исследовательского центра Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Biochemistry and Genetics – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202314072023274366372Copyright © Каскинова М.Д., Салихова А.М., Гайфуллина Л.Р., Салтыкова Е.С., 20232023Каскинова М.Д., Салихова А.М., Гайфуллина Л.Р., Салтыкова Е.С.Kaskinova M.D., Salikhova A.M., Gaifullina L.R., Saltykova E.S.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3779

Медоносная пчела Apis mellifera является довольно сложным объектом для селекции в силу особенностей ее биологии. Селекционные мероприятия в пчеловодстве нацелены на получение семей пчел с высокими показателями хозяйственно полезных признаков, таких как продуктивность, устойчивость к низким температурам и заболеваниям, гигиеническое поведение, яйценоскость матки и др. На примере двух пасек, специализирующихся на разведении A. m. mellifera и A. m. carnica, рассмотрено применение генетических методов в селекции медоносной пчелы. Первым этапом работы было установление подвидовой принадлежности на основе оценки полиморфизма межгенного локуса мтДНК tRNAleu-COII и микросателлитных локусов ядерной ДНК Ap243, 4a110, А24, A8, A43, A113, A88, Ap049 и A28. Подтверждено, что исследуемые семьи соответствуют заявленным подвидам. На пасеке с A. m. mellifera выявлены гибридные семьи. Метод, основанный на анализе полиморфизма локуса tRNAleu-COII (или COI-COII) и микросателлитных локусов ядерной ДНК, был разработан для идентификации темной лесной пчелы A. m. mellifera и не позволяет дифференцировать представителей эволюционных ветвей С (A. m. carnica и A. m. ligustica) и О (A. m. caucasica). На втором этапе оценивалось аллельное разнообразие гена csd. На пасеке, содержащей семьи A. m. mellifera (N = 15), выявлено 20 аллелей csd, на пасеке, содержащей семьи A. m. carnica (N = 44), – 41 аллель. Шесть аллелей были общими для двух пасек. ДНК-диагностика заболеваний пчелы показала, что исследуемые семьи являются здоровыми. По результатам исследований разработана схема получения первичного материала для селекции медоносной пчелы, на который впоследствии может быть наложен отбор по хозяйственно полезным признакам. Кроме того, ежегодная оценка аллельного разнообразия гена csd позволит пролить свет на частоту формирования новых аллельных вариантов и другие вопросы, связанные с эволюцией этого гена.

The honey bee Apis mellifera is a rather difficult object for selection due to the peculiarities of its biology. Breeding activities in beekeeping are aimed at obtaining bee colonies with high rates of economically useful traits, such as productivity, resistance to low temperatures and diseases, hygienic behavior, oviposition of the queen, etc. With two apiaries specializing in the breeding of A. m. mellifera and A. m. carnica as examples, the application of genetic methods in the selection of honey bees is considered. The first stage of the work was subspecies identification based on the analysis of the polymorphism of the intergenic mtDNA locus tRNAleu-COII (or COI-COII) and microsatellite nuclear DNA loci Ap243, 4a110, A24, A8, A43, A113, A88, Ap049, A28. This analysis confirmed that the studied colonies correspond to the declared subspecies. In the apiary with A. m. mellifera, hybrid colonies have been identified. A method based on the analysis of polymorphisms of the tRNAleu-COII locus and microsatellite nuclear DNA loci has been developed to identify the dark forest bee A. m. mellifera and does not allow one to differentiate subspecies from C (A. m. carnica and A. m. ligustica) and O (A. m. caucasica) evolutionary lineages from each other. The second stage was the assessment of the allelic diversity of the csd gene. In the apiary containing colonies of A. m. mellifera (N = 15), 20 csd alleles were identified. In the apiary containing colonies of A. m. carnica (N = 44), 41 alleles were identified. Six alleles are shared by both apiaries. DNA diagnostics of bee diseases showed that the studied colonies are healthy. Based on the data obtained, a scheme was developed for obtaining primary material for honey bee breeding, which can subsequently be subjected to selection according to economically useful traits. In addition, the annual assessment of the allelic diversity of the csd gene will shed light on the frequency of formation of new allelic variants and other issues related to the evolution of this gene.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.