vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJGB-23-55vavilov-3864Research ArticleСЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА ИММУНИТЕТ И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬPLANT BREEDING FOR IMMUNITY AND PERFORMANCEКомплексная агробиологическая оценка и анализ генетических взаимосвязей перспективных сортов ореха грецкого Никитского ботанического садаComprehensive agrobiological assessment and analysis of genetic relationships of promising walnut varieties of the Nikitsky Botanical GardensПлугатарьЮ. В.PlugatarYu. V.

Ялта, Республика Крым

Yalta, Republic of Crimea

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0355-8395СупрунИ. И.SuprunI. I.

Краснодар

Krasnodar

supruni@mail.ruХохловС. Ю.KhokhlovS. Yu.

Ялта, Республика Крым

Yalta, Republic of Crimea

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6251-300XСтепановИ. В.StepanovI. V.

Краснодар

Krasnodar

Аль-НакибЕ. А.Al-NakibE. A.

Краснодар

Krasnodar

Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Никитский ботанический сад – Национальный научный центр Российской академии наукРоссияThe Order of the Red Banner of Labour Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationСеверо-Кавказский федеральный научный центр садоводства, виноградарства, виноделияРоссияNorth Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making, the Functional Scientific Center of “Breeding and Nursery”Russian Federation202308092023275454462Copyright © Плугатарь Ю.В., Супрун И.И., Хохлов С.Ю., Степанов И.В., Аль-Накиб Е.А., 20232023Плугатарь Ю.В., Супрун И.И., Хохлов С.Ю., Степанов И.В., Аль-Накиб Е.А.Plugatar Y.V., Suprun I.I., Khokhlov S.Y., Stepanov I.V., Al-Nakib E.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3864

Орех грецкий – важная садовая культура, которая по объему производства занимает второе место среди всех орехоплодных. Несмотря на значительную потребность на внутреннем рынке, промышленное производство плодов ореха грецкого в России в настоящее время развито недостаточно. При этом существует необходимость обновления сортимента новыми высокопродуктивными сортами, адаптированными к местным агроклиматическим условиям и обладающими высоким качеством плодов, конкурентоспособными на мировом уровне. Важным вопросом для успешной реализации селекционных программ является комплексное изучение генофонда. В связи с этим в рамках исследования была поставлена задача оценки по комплексу признаков перспективных сортов из коллекции генофонда ореха грецкого Никитского ботанического сада и анализа генетических взаимосвязей на основе микросателлитного генотипирования. По результатам выполненной фенотипической оценки изучаемая выборка, включающая 31 сорт, была разделена на несколько групп по основным хозяйственно-биологическим характеристикам, таким как морозо- и засухоустойчивость, срок начала вегетации, сроки созревания, тип цветения, масса плода, толщина эндокарпа. Выделены сорта с хозяйственно ценными признаками, которые можно рекомендовать как перспективные в качестве исходных родительских форм в селекционной работе на устойчивость к абиотическим стресс-факторам, а также сорта с повышенной урожайностью и обладающие крупным размером плодов. На основании анализа восьми SSR-маркеров (WGA001, WGA376, WGA069, WGA276, WGA009, WGA202, WGA089 и WGA054) оценен уровень генетического разнообразия и определены генетические взаимосвязи в изученной выборке сортов. Выявлено наличие от шести (WGA089) до одиннадцати (WGA276) аллелей на локус. Суммарно по восьми использованным ДНК-маркерам было идентифицировано 70 аллелей при среднем значении 8.75. Анализ данных SSR-генотипирования в программе Structure 2.3.4 установил наличие двух основных групп генотипов. С учетом того, что все изученные сорта представляют собой отборы из местных семенных популяций в разных районах Крымского полуострова, выявленный уровень полиморфизма может опосредованно отражать уровень генетического разнообразия местного генофонда ореха грецкого. При этом наличие двух генетически обособленных групп, вероятно, свидетельствует о существовании двух независимо сформировавшихся пулов автохтонного генофонда вида Juglans regia L. на Крымском полуострове.

Walnut is an important horticultural crop, the production of which ranks second among all nut crops. Despite the significant demand in the domestic market in Russia, the industrial production of walnut fruits in Russia is currently underdeveloped. At the same time, there is a need to update the assortment with new highly productive varieties adapted to local agro-climatic conditions and having high quality nuts that are competitive at the world level. An important issue for the successful implementation of breeding programs is a comprehensive study of the gene pool. In this regard, within the framework of the study, the task was to evaluate promising varieties from the collection of the walnut gene pool of the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens and analyze genetic relationships based on microsatellite genotyping. On the basis of the performed phenotypic assessment, the study sample, which included 31 varieties, was divided into several groups according to the main phenotypic traits, such as frost and drought resistance, the start of the growing season, the ripening period, the weight and type of flowering, the weight of the fruit, and the thickness of the endocarp. Varieties with economically valuable traits that can be recommended as promising as initial parental forms in breeding work for resistance to abiotic stress factors have been identified, as well as varieties with increased productivity and large fruit sizes. Based on the analysis of eight SSR markers (WGA001, WGA376, WGA069, WGA276, WGA009, WGA202, WGA089 and WGA054), an analysis of the level of genetic diversity was performed and genetic relationships were established in the studied sample of varieties. Six (for WGA089) to eleven (for WGA276) alleles per locus have been identified. A total of 70 alleles were identified for the eight DNA markers used, with an average value of 8.75. Analysis of SSR genotyping data using Bayesian analysis established the presence of two main groups of genotypes. Taking into account the fact that all the studied varieties are selections from local seed populations in different regions of the Crimean Peninsula, the revealed level of polymorphism may indirectly reflect the level of genetic diversity of the local walnut populations. Furthermore, the presence of two genetically distant groups indicates the presence of two independently formed pools of the autochthonous gene pool of the species Juglans regia L. on the Crimean Peninsula

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.