vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJGB-23-67vavilov-3926Research ArticleГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ И БИОКОЛЛЕКЦИИPLANT GENETICSМолекулярно-цитологический анализ интрогрессивных линий, полученных от скрещивания мягкой пшеницы Triticum aestivum с T. dicoccum и T. DicoccoidesMolecular cytological analysis of alien introgressions in common wheat lines created by crossing of Triticum aestivum with T. dicoccoides and T. dicoccumhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1187-1317ОрловскаяО. А.OrlovskayaО. A.

Минск

Minsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0545ЛеоноваИ. Н.LeonovaI. N.

Кафедра генетики и селекции ННГАУ

Новосибирск

Department of Genetics and Selection, Novosibirsk State Agricultural University

Novosibirsk

leonova@bionet.nsc.ruСоловейЛ. А.SoloveyL. A.

Минск

Minsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-181XДубовецН. И.DubovetsN. I.

Минск

Minsk

Институт генетики и цитологии Национальной академии наук БеларусиБеларусьInstitute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of BelarusBelarusФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Новосибирский государственный аграрный университетБеларусьInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State Agricultural UniversityBelarus202301112023276553564Copyright © Орловская О.А., Леонова И.Н., Соловей Л.А., Дубовец Н.И., 20232023Орловская О.А., Леонова И.Н., Соловей Л.А., Дубовец Н.И.Orlovskaya О.A., Leonova I.N., Solovey L.A., Dubovets N.I.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3926

Дикая и культурная полбы (ВВАА, 2n = 28) представляют значительный интерес для расширения генетического разнообразия мягкой пшеницы как источники генетических факторов, определяющих высокое содержание белка и микроэлементов в зерне и устойчивость ко многим биотическим и абиотическим факторам. Особое внимание к этим видам обусловлено их близким родством с Triticum aestivum, что облегчает межвидовую гибридизацию. Целью настоящей работы были анализ характера чужеродных интрогрессий у гибридных линий, полученных от скрещивания сортов мягкой пшеницы с T. dicoccoides и T. dicoccum, и оценка их влияния на цитологическую стабильность. Для установления локализации и протяженности фрагментов интрогрессии использовали С-бэндинг и генотипирование маркерами SNP и SSR. Оценку цитологической стабильности проводили на основе изучения поведения хромосом в микроспорогенезе. Молекулярно-цитогенетический анализ интрогрессивных линий пшеницы свидетельствует о том, что включение генетического материала дикой и культурной полб осуществляется преимущественно в виде целых плеч или крупных фрагментов в хромосомах генома В и менее протяженных вставок в геноме А. При этом наибольшая частота интрогрессий фрагментов генома полб наблюдалась в хромосомах 1А, 1В, 2В, 3В. Изучение заключительной стадии мейоза показало высокий уровень цитологической стабильности у большинства интрогрессивных линий пшеницы (мейотический индекс составил 83.0–99.0 %), что обеспечивает формирование у них функциональных гамет в количестве, достаточном для успешной репродукции. Данные линии представляют интерес для отбора перспективного материала с хозяйственно ценными признаками с последующим включением их в селекционный процесс.

Wild and domesticated emmer (ВВАА, 2n = 28) are of significant interest for expanding the genetic diversity of common wheat as sources of a high protein and microelement grain content, resistance to many biotic and abiotic factors. Particular interest in these species is also determined by their close relationship with Triticum aestivum L., which facilitates interspecific hybridization. The objective of this work was to analyze the nature of alien introgressions in hybrid lines from crossing common wheat varieties with T. dicoccoides and T. dicoccum, and to assess the effect of their genome fragments on the cytological stability of introgression lines. A C-banding technique and genotyping with SNP and SSR markers were used to determine localization and length of introgression fragments. Assessment of cytological stability was carried out on the basis of chromosome behavior in microsporogenesis. A molecular cytogenetic analysis of introgression wheat lines indicated that the inclusion of the genetic material of wild and domesticated emmer was carried out mainly in the form of whole arms or large fragments in the chromosomes of the B genome and less extended inserts in the A genome. At the same time, the highest frequency of introgressions of the emmer genome was observed in chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2B, and 3B. The analysis of the final stage of meiosis showed a high level of cytological stability in the vast majority of introgression wheat lines (meiotic index was 83.0–99.0 %), which ensures the formation of functional gametes in an amount sufficient for successful reproduction. These lines are of interest for the selection of promising material with agronomically valuable traits and their subsequent inclusion in the breeding process.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.