References

vavilov

Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding

2500-3259

Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS

10.18699/VJGB-23-71

vavilov-3930

Research Article

СЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ И КАЧЕСТВО

PLANT BREEDING FOR PERFORMANCE AND QUALITY

Развитие селекции яровой твердой пшеницы в России (странах бывшего СССР), результаты и перспективы

Development, results and prospects of the spring durum wheat breeding in Russia (post-Soviet states)

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2141-6836

Мальчиков

П. Н.

Malchikov

P. N.

п. г. т. Безенчук, Самарская область; Новосибирск

Bezenchuk, Samara region; Novosibirsk

sagrs-mal@mail.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7224-0308

Мясникова

М. Г.

Myasnikova

M. G.

п. г. т. Безенчук, Самарская область

Bezenchuk, Samara region

Самарский федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук, Самарский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства им. Н.М. Тулайкова; Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияSamara Federal Research Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Samara Scientific Research Agriculture Institute named after N.M. Tulajkov; Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation

Самарский федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук, Самарский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства им. Н.М. ТулайковаРоссияSamara Federal Research Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Samara Scientific Research Agriculture Institute named after N.M. TulajkovRussian Federation

2023

01112023

276591608

2023

Мальчиков П.Н., Мясникова М.Г.

Malchikov P.N., Myasnikova M.G.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3930

В статье представлен исторический обзор введения в культуру, распространения и селекции яровой твердой пшеницы в степных и лесостепных регионах Евразии (страны бывшего СССР – Россия, Украи на, Казахстан). Приведены подходы и методология улучшения твердой пшеницы по периодам научной селекции. Рассматриваются особенности реализации программ и расширения масштабов селекции во время организации селекционных станций в начале ХХ в., после завершения Великой Отечественной войны, во второй половине ХХ в. и в настоящее время. Представлена характеристика по основным признакам и свойствам созданных в разные периоды сортов. Анализируются достижения классической селекционной методики путем сравнения старых и новых сортов. Дана оценка эффективности и темпов селекции в разных регионах России. Приведены результаты и методы селекции на урожайность, устойчивость к засухе, болезням листьев ( Stagonospora nodorum Berk., Septoria tritici (Roeb. et Desm.), Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker, Pyrenophora tritici repentis (Died.) Drechs., Fusarium sp., Puccinia titicina Eriks., Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks., Blumeria graminis (DC.) f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal.), патогенам зерна Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostr.) и патогенам, вызывающим потемнение зародыша и эндосперма (B. sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker, Alternaria tenuis (Nees et Fr.), Аlternaria triticina (Prasada & Prabhu)), вредителям (Cephus pygmeus Lens, Osinosoma frit L., Mayetiola destructor (Say)), по качеству зерна (содержание белка, желтых пигментов, реологические свойства теста, устойчивость к прорастанию) и конечных продуктов. Оцениваются перспективы применения в ближайшем будущем молекулярных маркеров в селекции по ряду признаков.

The article outlines a brief historical background on the introduction to cultivation, distribution and breeding of spring durum wheat in the steppe and forest-steppe regions of Eurasia (the countries of the former USSR: Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan). The approaches and methodology for improving durum wheat during certain scientific selection periods are given. The features of the selection program implementation and the breeding scale expansion during the creation of breeding stations at the beginning of the XX century, after the end of the Great Patriotic War, in the second half of the XX century, and at present are considered. A characteristic according to the main features and properties of varieties created in different periods is given. The achievements of the classical breeding method by comparing old and new varieties are analyzed. The efficiency and rate of wheat selection by periods in different regions of Russia is estimated. The results and methods of breeding for yield, resistance to drought, leaf diseases (Stagonospora nodorum Berk., Septoria tritici (Roeb. et Desm.), Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker, Pyrenophora tritici repentis (Died.) Drechs., Fusarium sp., Puccinia titicina Eriks., Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks., Blumeria graminis (DC.) f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal), grain pathogens Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostr.) and pathogens causing darkening of the corcule and endosperm (Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker, Alternaria tenuis (Nees et Fr.), Аlternaria triticina (Prasada & Prabhu)), pests (Cephus pygmeus Lens, Osinosoma frit L., Mayetiola destructor (Say)), grain quality (protein content, amount of yellow pigments, dough rheology, sprouting resistance) and end products are presented. The prospects for the molecular marker application for a number of traits in breeding in the near future are given.

твердая пшеницаЕвразийский регионсортистория селекциитемпы селекцииустойчивостьпатогенурожайностькачествобелокклейковинапигментымаркеры

durum wheatEurasian regionvarietybreeding historybreeding ratescrop resistancepathogenyieldqualityproteinglutenpigmentsmarkers

The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 23-16-00041 (https://rscf.ru/project/23-16-00041/)

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.