vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJGB-23-72vavilov-3932Research ArticleСЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ И КАЧЕСТВОPLANT BREEDING FOR PERFORMANCE AND QUALITYАнализ генетических компонент, гетерозиса и комбинационной способности пакистанских элитных сортов пшеницы по признакам урожайности и устойчивости к желтой ржавчинеEstimation of genetic components, heterosis and combining ability of elite Pakistani wheat varieties for yield attributing traits and stripe rust responseАхмедМ. Ш.AhmedM. S.

Программа по выращиванию пшеницы, Институт растениеводства, НИЦСХ; Программа по выращиванию риса, Институт растениеводства, НИЦСХ 

Исламабад

Wheat Program, Crop Sciences Institute, NARC; Rice Program, Crop Sciences Institute, NARC

Islamabad

shahzad@parc.gov.pkКамарМ.QamarM.

Программа по выращиванию пшеницы НИЦСХ 

Исламабад

Wheat Program, Crop Sciences Institute NARC

Islamabad

ВакарС.WaqarS.

Программа по выращиванию пшеницы НИЦСХ 

Исламабад

Wheat Program, Crop Sciences Institute NARC

Islamabad

НаимА.NaeemA.

Программа по выращиванию риса НИЦСХ 

Исламабад

Rice Program, Crop Sciences Institute NARC

Islamabad

ДжавайдР. А.JavaidR. A.

Программа по выращиванию пшеницы НИЦСХ 

Исламабад

Wheat Program, Crop Sciences Institute NARC

Islamabad

ТанвирС. Х.TanveerS. K.

Программа по выращиванию пшеницы НИЦСХ 

Исламабад

Wheat Program, Crop Sciences Institute NARC

Islamabad

ХусейнИ.HussainI.

Программа по выращиванию пшеницы НИЦСХ 

Исламабад

Wheat Program, Crop Sciences Institute NARC

Islamabad

Институт растениеводства, Национальный исследовательский центр сельского хозяйстваПакистанCrop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research CenterPakistanИнститут растениеводства, Национальный исследовательский центр сельского хозяйстваРоссияWheat Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research CenterRussian FederationИнститут растениеводства, Национальный исследовательский центр сельского хозяйстваПакистанRice Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research CenterPakistan202301112023276609622Copyright © Ахмед М.Ш., Камар М., Вакар С., Наим А., Джавайд Р.А., Танвир С.Х., Хусейн И., 20232023Ахмед М.Ш., Камар М., Вакар С., Наим А., Джавайд Р.А., Танвир С.Х., Хусейн И.Ahmed M.S., Qamar M., Waqar S., Naeem A., Javaid R.A., Tanveer S.K., Hussain I.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3932

Пшеница (Triticum aestivum L.) – основной пищевой и кормовой продукт на территории Пакистана. Одной из приоритетных задач является работа по улучшению сортов пшеницы, отличающихся более высокой урожайностью зерна и устойчивостью к заболеваниям. Ключевым фактором такой работы стало изучение генетического разнообразия сортового материала. С этой целью были оценены показатели урожайности у потомства, полученного от скрещивания четырех элитных сортов пшеницы с тремя тестерными линиями. На основе проведенного анализа получены данные о генетической дисперсии, общей и специфической комбинационной способности, гетерозисе и степени устойчивости к желтой ржавчине (Puccinia striiformis L.). Высокая урожайность зерна (3358 кг/га) была отмечена среди растений первого поколения от скрещивания ZRG- 79 × PAK-13. Дисперсионный анализ (ANOVA) выявил статистически достоверную генотипическую дисперсию по данному признаку. Значение показателя наследуемости (H2) фиксировалось в диапазоне от 28 до 100 %. Выявленная общая комбинационная способность (ОКС) по признаку «урожайность зерна» была статистически достоверной для всех родительских cортов, кроме FSD-08 и PS-05, в то время как специфическая комбинационная способность (СКС) по данному признаку оказалась высокодостоверной только для гибридных растений от двух скрещиваний: ZRG- 79 × NR-09 и ZRG-79 × PAK-13. Величина гетерозиса составила от –28 до 62.6 %. В комбинациях скрещивания ZRG-79 × PAK-13 была показана высокодостоверная величина гетерозиса (62.6 %). Наблюдалась высокодостоверная корреляция по признакам «длина колоса», «число колосков в колосе», «высота растения» и «масса 1000 зерен». Значение индекса устойчивости к ржавчине изменялось в диапазоне от 0 до 8.5. На основании полученных результатов сделаны следующие выводы: 1) учет ОКС важен при отборе на более высокую урожайность зерна, обусловленную действием аддитивных генов; 2) отбором в дочерних поколениях обеспечится повышенная устойчивость к ржавчине; 3) комбинации скрещивания ZRG-79 × PAK 13 с высокой ОКС лучше всего подойдут для создания гибридных сортов.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple food and major source of dietary calories in Pakistan. Improving wheat varieties with higher grain yield and disease resistance is a prime objective. The knowledge of genetic behaviour of germplasm is key. To achieve this objective, elite wheat varieties were crossed in 4 by 3, line × tester design, and tested in 2019 in a triplicate yield trial to estimate genetic variance, general and specific combining ability, mid-parent heterosis and stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis L.). High grain 3358 kg·ha–1 was recorded in F1 hybrid (ZRG-79 × PAK-13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant genotypic variance in grain yield. Broad sense heritability (H2) was recorded in the range of 28 to 100 %. General combining ability (GCA) significant for grain yield in parents except FSD-08 and PS-05 was recorded, while specific combining ability (SCA) was recorded to be highly significant for grain yield only in two crosses (ZRG-79 × NR-09 and ZRG-79 × PAK-13). Mid-parent heterosis was estimated in the range of –28 to 62.6 %. Cross combinations ZRG-79 × PAK-13 depicted highly significant mid-parent heterosis (62.6 %). Highly significant correlation was observed among spike length, spikelets per spike, plant height and 1000-grain weight. Rust resistance index was recorded in the range of 0 to 8.5. These findings suggest exploitation of GCA for higher grain yield is important due to the presence of additive gene action and selection in the filial generations will be effective with improved rust resistance, while cross combinations ZRG-79 × PAK-13 high GCA are best suited for hybrid development.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.