vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJGB-23-81vavilov-3942Research ArticleЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ГЕНЕТИКАECOLOGICAL GENETICSРазнообразие почвенных Alveolata в ненарушенной степи и агроценозах пшеницы при разной обработке почвыSoil Alveolata diversity in the undisturbed steppe and wheat agrocenoses under different tillagehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2354-5065НаумоваН. Б.NaumovaN. B.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

naumova@issa-siberia.ruБарсуковП. А.BarsukovP. A.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

БатуринаО. А.BaturinaO. A.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

РусалимоваО. А.RusalimovaO. A.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2777-0833КабиловМ. Р.KabilovM. R.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

Институт почвоведения и агрохимии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationИнститут химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202302112023276703711Copyright © Наумова Н.Б., Барсуков П.А., Батурина О.А., Русалимова О.А., Кабилов М.Р., 20232023Наумова Н.Б., Барсуков П.А., Батурина О.А., Русалимова О.А., Кабилов М.Р.Naumova N.B., Barsukov P.A., Baturina O.A., Rusalimova O.A., Kabilov M.R.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3942

Микроскопические эукариоты крайне важны для обеспечения качества почвы и функционирования экосистем. Однако сообщества почвенных микроэукариот менее изучены по сравнению с сообществами бактерий и грибов, особенно с применением методов высокопроизводительного секвенирования. Значимыми компонентами почвенных микробных сообществ являются альвеоляты, участвующие в ключевых процессах почвенных экосистем (разложение органического вещества, трансформация питательных элементов и др.). Цель работы заключалась в изучении разнообразия альвеолят в почве под ненарушенной степной растительностью и при возделывании пшеницы с помощью двух методов обработки почвы (традиционная вспашка и нулевая обработка) путем амплификации маркера ITS2 с праймерами ITS3_KYO2/ITS4 и последующего секвенирования ампликонов (Illumina MySeq). Всего идентифицировано 198 ОТЕ альвеолят, из которых 158 относились к типу Ciliophora и пяти его классам: Litostomatea, Spirotrichea, Oligohymenophorea, Nassophorea и Phyllopharyngea. Litostomatea и Phyllopharyngea оказались более обильны в почве под ненарушенной степной растительностью по сравненению с почвой под пшеницей обоих вариантов обработки. Богатство ОТЕ в верхнем слое ненарушенной почвы под степной растительностью было также заметно выше, чем в обоих вариатах возделываемых полей, которые четко отличались от степи и по β-биоразнообразию. Nassophorea и Spirotrichea положительно коррелировали с содержанием песка в ненарушенной и пахотной почве; в последней к ним присоединились Litostomatea. Данная работа представляет собой первое исследование разнообразия почвенных альвеолят с применением метода метабаркодирования. Выявленное воздействие землепользования на относительное обилие некоторых таксонов наряду с отсутствием влияния обработки почвы свидетельствует о важном значении количества и качества поступающего в почву растительного материала для формирования сообществ микроорганизмов, поедаемых инфузориями. Дальнейшие исследования с применением методолгии -омик и традиционных способов необходимы для лучшего понимания экологической роли инфузорий в частности и альвеолят в целом в сложной почвенной системе.

Microeukaryotes are vital for maintaining soil quality and ecosystem functioning, however, their communities are less studied than bacterial and fungal ones, especially by high throughput sequencing techniques. Alveolates are important members of soil microbial communities, being consumers and/or prey for other microorganisms. We studied alveolate diversity in soil under the undisturbed steppe (US) and cropped for wheat using two tillage practices (conventional, CT, and no-till, NT) by amplifying the ITS2 marker with ITS3_KYO2/ITS4 primers and sequencing amplicons using Illumina MiSeq. A total of 198 Alveolata OTUs were identified, with 158 OTUs attributed to the Ciliophora phylum, containing five classes: Litostomatea, Spirotrichea and Oligohymenophorea, Nassophorea and Phyllopharyngea. Litostomatea and Phyllopharyngea were more abundant in US as compared with CT and NT. The observed OTU richness was higher in US than in CT and NT. The β-biodiversity of soil ciliates also very distinctly differentiated the US field from CT and NT. In the US, Nassophorea and Spirotrichea correlated positively with sand and negatively with clay, silt and SOM contents. This is the first report about soil ciliates diversity in Siberia as assessed by metabarcoding technique. The revealed clear effect of land use on the relative abundance of some taxa and a lack of tillage effect suggest the importance of the quantity and quality of plant material input for shaping the prey for ciliates. The ITS-metabarcoding technique was used for the first time in the research of ciliates diversity; further studies, embracing diverse aspects of soil ciliates by combining -omics methodology with the traditional one, are needed to get a better insight on the ecological roles of the main ciliate taxa in the complex soil system.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.