vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJGB-23-82vavilov-3943Research ArticleТЕСТ-СИСТЕМЫ И ВАКЦИНОПРОФИЛАКТИКАПротивооспенная вакцинация на модели мышейSmallpox vaccination in a mouse modelhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6255-9745ЩелкуновС. Н.ShchelkunovS. N.

р. п. Кольцово, Новосибирская область; Новосибирск

Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region; Novosibirsk

snshchel@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8355-5551СергеевА. А.SergeevA. A.

р. п. Кольцово

Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6593-6614ПьянковС. А.PyankovS. A.

р. п. Кольцово

Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region

ТитоваК. А.TitovaK. A.

р. п. Кольцово

Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0496-390XЯкубицкийС. Н.YakubitskiyS. N.

р. п. Кольцово

Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region

Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор» Роспотребнадзора; Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияState Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Rospotrebnadzor; Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationГосударственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор» РоспотребнадзораРоссияState Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, RospotrebnadzorRussian Federation202302112023276712718Copyright © Щелкунов С.Н., Сергеев А.А., Пьянков С.А., Титова К.А., Якубицкий С.Н., 20232023Щелкунов С.Н., Сергеев А.А., Пьянков С.А., Титова К.А., Якубицкий С.Н.Shchelkunov S.N., Sergeev A.A., Pyankov S.A., Titova K.A., Yakubitskiy S.N.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3943

Необычно широко распространившаяся в 2022 г. эпидемия оспы обезьян среди людей привела к заключению о необходимости противооспенной вакцинации пациентов из групп риска. При этом современные варианты противооспенной вакцины вводят либо внутримышечно, либо скарификацией кожи. Внутримышечное введение не обеспечивает активного иммунного ответа, так как ткани, в которые при этом вводится вакцина, являются иммунологически бедными. Кожа эволюционно развилась в иммунологически важный орган млекопитающих, поэтому введение вакцины в дерму кожи может обеспечивать надежный протективный иммунный ответ. Исторически первым способом иммунизации стал метод инокуляции вакцины в скарифицированную кожу (с/к). Однако этот метод не обеспечивает точного дозирования вакцины, для успешного выполнения процедуры нужно использовать вакцину в высокой концентрации. Альтернативой методу с/к может служить процедура внутрикожной (в/к) инъекции вакцины, особенно при использовании ее в низкой концентрации. Целью настоящей работы было сравнение способов внутрикожной противооспенной иммунизации на модели мышей с применением прототипных вакцин второго и четвертого поколений в низкой дозе 104 БОЕ. Эксперименты выполняли на мышах линии BALB/c, штаммы LIVP или LIVP-GFP вируса осповакцины (VACV) вводили в кожу хвоста с/к или в/к способами. Через 7, 14, 21, 28, 42 и 56 дней после вакцинации (дпв) у мышей проводили забор проб крови из ретроорбитального венозного синуса и получали сыворотки, в которых методом ИФА определяли титры VACV-специфичных IgM и IgG. Оба штамма VACV обусловливали более выраженную продукцию антител при в/к инъекции по сравнению со с/к инокуляцией. Для проверки уровня развившегося протективного иммунитета на 62-й дпв мышей интраназально инфицировали высоколетальной дозой вируса оспы коров. Полученные результаты показали, что в/к инъекция обеспечивает развитие протективного иммунитета у мышей в значительно большей степени, по сравнению с с/к инокуляцией обоих вариантов VACV.

The monkeypox epidemic, which became unusually widespread among humans in 2022, has brought awareness about the necessity of smallpox vaccination of patients in the risk groups. The modern smallpox vaccine variants are introduced either intramuscularly or by skin scarification. Intramuscular vaccination cannot elicit an active immune response, since tissues at the vaccination site are immunologically poor. Skin has evolved into an immunologically important organ in mammals; therefore, intradermal delivery of a vaccine can ensure reliable protective immunity. Historically, vaccine inoculation into scarified skin (the s.s. route) was the first immunization method. However, it does not allow accurate vaccine dosing, and high-dose vaccines need to be used to successfully complete this procedure. Intradermal (i.d.) vaccine injection, especially low-dose one, can be an alternative to the s.s. route. This study aimed to compare the s.s. and i.d. smallpox immunization routes in a mouse model when using prototypic second- and fourth-generation low-dose vaccines (104 pfu). Experiments were conducted using BALB/c mice; the LIVP or LIVP-GFP strains of the vaccinia virus (VACV) were administered into the tail skin via the s.s. or i.d. routes. After vaccination (7, 14, 21, 28, 42, and 56 days post inoculation (dpi)), blood samples were collected from the retro-orbital venous sinus; titers of VACV-specific IgM and IgG in the resulting sera were determined by ELISA. Both VACV strains caused more profound antibody production when injected via the i.d. route compared to s.s. inoculation. In order to assess the level of the elicited protective immunity, mice were intranasally infected with a highly lethal dose of the cowpox virus on 62 dpi. The results demonstrated that i.d. injection ensures a stronger protective immunity in mice compared to s.s. inoculation for both VACV variants.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.