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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJGB-23-107</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-4003</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ И БИОКОЛЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PLANT GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Использование подходов Н.И. Вавилова  к филогении и эволюции культурных видов рода Avena L.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The application of Vavilov’s approaches to the phylogeny  and evolution of cultivated species of the genus Avena L.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9250-7225</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лоскутов</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Loskutov</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.loskutov@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5264-5594</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гнутиков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gnutikov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8898-4926</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блинова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blinova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1146-1622</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Родионов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rodionov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР); Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR); Saint Petersburg State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет; Ботанический институт им. В.Л. Комарова Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University; Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>921</fpage><lpage>932</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лоскутов И.Г., Гнутиков А.А., Блинова Е.В., Родионов А.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лоскутов И.Г., Гнутиков А.А., Блинова Е.В., Родионов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Loskutov I.G., Gnutikov A.A., Blinova E.V., Rodionov A.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4003">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4003</self-uri><abstract><p>Центральной проблемой, которую исследовал Н.И. Вавилов, было учение о мировом генофонде культурных растений. Теоретическую основу этого учения составили: закон гомологических рядов в наследственной изменчивости, разработка проблемы вида как системы, ботанико-географические основы селекции и теория центров происхождения культурных растений. Собранная Н.И. Вавиловым и его соратниками со всех уголков мира коллекция генетических ресурсов растений ВИР, представляющая всю полноту ботанического, морфологического и генетического разнообразия, позволяет проводить исторические, эволюционные, филогенетические и прикладные селекционные исследования, направленные на раскрытие потенциала всего коллекционного материала. Положения Н.И. Вавилова по комплексному анализу всего видового и внутривидового разнообразия культурных и диких видов дают возможность сделать верные выводы при изучении сложных экологически дифференцированных видовых систем, связанных в своем формировании с определенной средой и воздействием отбора. Все разнообразие видов культурного овса, как было доказано Н.И. Вавиловым, имеет сорно-полевое происхождение. Этот процесс можно наглядно проследить в Испании – на примере культурного диплоидного вида Avena strigosa, в Эфиопии – A. abyssinica, в Турции и Иране – A. byzantina и на сорно-полевых формах A. sativa. Изучение комплекса морфологических признаков не дает полного представления об эволюционном и систематическом положении некоторых видов и форм овса. Для исследования полиморфизма, филогении и эволюции овса перспективны активно разрабатываемые в настоящее время методы и подходы с использованием ДНК-маркеров и геномных технологий. Появился ряд работ, затрагивающих молекулярные аспекты эволюции и филогении рода Avena. В исследованиях используют различные маркеры генов, участков генов, межгенных спейсеров (внутренних и внешних), как ядерных, так и хлоропластных и митохондриальных, геномные подходы и другие современные методы. На основе комплексного изучения полного внутривидового разнообразия из разных зон ареала культурных видов овса и анализа данных по географическому распределению ареалов форм и видов установлено, что процесс формирования гексаплоидных видов шел также в западной части Средиземноморья, и затем при продвижении на восток эти формы стали занимать значительные пространства в районе Юго-Западного Азиатского центра, образуя большое внутривидовое разнообразие диких и переходных сорных форм к культурным видам гексаплоидного овса. В результате анализа внутривидового разнообразия староместных сортов были уточнены центры формообразования всех культурных видов овса. Осуществленный с помощью метода секвенирования следующего поколения (NGS) филогенетический анализ представительного внутривидового разнообразия культурных и диких видов рода Avena показал, что диплоидные виды с вариантами генома А в действительности являются не первичными диплоидами, а своеобразным средиземноморским интрогрессивно-гибридизационным комплексом видов, спорадически вступающих в межвидовые скрещивания. Установлено, что тетраплоидный культурный вид A. abyssinica, вероятнее всего, происходит от дикого вида A. vaviloviana. Анализ путей одомашнивания культурных видов овса A. sativa и A. byzantina показал, что наиболее массовый риботип гексаплоида A. sativa унаследован от A. ludoviciana, а второй по массовости – от A. magna, в то же время A. byzantina обладает двумя уникальными семействами риботипов, скорее всего, унаследованными от вымершего вида овса или криптовида, до сегодняшнего дня не обнаруженного.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The central problem that Vavilov was investigating was the overall concept of global plant genetic resources. The theoretical basis of this concept consisted of the law of homologous series in variation, research on the problem of species as a system, botanical and geographical bases of plant breeding, and the key theory of the centers of origin of cultivated plants. The VIR global collection of plant genetic resources collected by Vavilov and his associates from all over the world reflects the fullness of botanical, morphological and genetic diversity, and can be used for historical, evolutionary, phylogenetic and applied breeding research aimed at unlocking the potential of all the collection material. The whole diversity of cultivated oats, as was proved by Vavilov, had originated from segetal weeds. This process can be clearly traced in Spain on the example of the cultivated diploid species A. strigosa, A. abyssinica in Ethiopia, A. byzantina in Turkey and Iran, and on segetal forms of A. sativa. The studies of the morphological features as a whole do not yield a complete picture of the evolutionary and systematic status of some oat species and forms. The methods and approaches that use DNA markers and genomic technologies, and are promising for the study of oat polymorphism and phylogeny have been actively researched recently. A number of works devoted to the molecular aspects of the evolution and phylogeny of the genus Avena have recently appeared. The research uses various markers of genes, gene regions, intergenic spacers (internal and external), both nuclear and chloroplast and mitochondrial, genomic approaches and other modern methods. On the basis of a comprehensive study of the complete intraspecific diversity from different zones of the distribution range of cultivated oat species as well as on the basis of an analysis of data on the geography of forms and species distribution ranges, it was established that the process of hexaploid species formation also took place in the western part of the Mediterranean, and subsequently, when moving eastward, these forms started occupying all the vast spaces in the region of the Southwest Asian center, forming a large intraspecific diversity of wild forms and weedy ones in transit to cultivated hexaploid oat species. An analysis of the intraspecific diversity of landraces has specified the centers of morphogenesis of all cultivated oat species. The phylogenetic analysis of the representative intraspecific diversity of cultivated and wild Avena species carried out using next generation sequencing (NGS) showed that diploid species with A-genome variants are in fact not primary diploids, but a peculiar Mediterranean introgressive hybridization complex of species that sporadically enter into interspecific hybridization. It was established that the tetraploid cultivated species A. abyssinica had most likely originated from the wild A. vaviloviana. An analysis of the ways of A. sativa and A. byzantina domestication showed that the most widespread ribotype of the A. sativa hexaploid was inherited from A. ludoviciana, and the second most widespread one, from A. magna, while A. byzantina has two unique ribotype families, most likely inherited from an extinct oat species or a still undiscovered cryptospecies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>виды овса</kwd><kwd>центры происхождения</kwd><kwd>внутривидовое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>закон гомологических рядов</kwd><kwd>NGS секвенирование</kwd><kwd>мировая коллекция ВИР</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Avena species</kwd><kwd>сenter of origin</kwd><kwd>itraspecific diversity</kwd><kwd>law of homologous series</kwd><kwd>NGS methods</kwd><kwd>sequences</kwd><kwd>VIR global collection</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The article was prepared with the support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation in accordance with the Agreement No. 075-15-2021-1050 of 28.09.2021 “National network collection of plant genetic resources for effective scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation in the field of genetic technologies”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmad M., Jehangir I.A., Rizvan R., Dar S.A., Iqbal S., Wani S.H., Mehraj U., Hassan R. 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