vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJGB-23-108vavilov-4004Research ArticleГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ И БИОКОЛЛЕКЦИИPLANT GENETICSАллельное разнообразие генов Vrn и контроль типа и скорости развития у пшеницAllelic diversity of the Vrn genes and the control of growth habit and earliness in wheatСмоленскаяС. Э.SmolenskayaS. E.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

ГончаровН. П.GoncharovN. P.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

gonch@bionet.nsc.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202328122023278933946Copyright © Смоленская С.Э., Гончаров Н.П., 20232023Смоленская С.Э., Гончаров Н.П.Smolenskaya S.E., Goncharov N.P.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4004

Пшеница, являясь одной из трех основных продовольственных культур мира, занимает самый широкий ареал за счет адаптивности к разнообразным условиям возделывания. В обзоре рассматриваются полиморфизм и аллельная изменчивость генов Vrn (от англ. response to vernalization), контролирующих важнейшие адаптационные признаки пшениц – тип (яровость vs. озимость) и скорость развития у диких и возделываемых видов пшениц (род Triticum L.). Суммируется информация об аллельном разнообразии генов Vrn и обсуждается связь полиморфизмов этих генов на молекулярном уровне с их влиянием не только на признак «тип развития (яровость vs. озимость)», но и на признак «скороспелость (длина вегетационного периода яровых растений, ДВП)» у ди-, тетра- и гексаплоидных видов. Предпринята попытка связать полученную информацию о мутациях (полиморфизмах) доминантных аллелей генов Vrn с выраженностью наиболее важного с хозяйственной точки зрения признака «продолжительность ДВП (скороспелость)», которая ранее в обзорах не предпринималась. Рассматривается влияние мутаций (полиморфизмов) в последовательностях рецессивных генов vrn на признак «потребность в яровизации» у озимых форм растений пшениц и выполнена его формализация. Обсуждается эволюция озимости/яровости в роде Triticum. На основе выявленных полиморфизмов построена схема филогенетических взаимодействий аллелей генов Vrn и рассматриваются возможности расширения полиморфизма по доминантным генам Vrn и их аллелям за счет видов-сородичей и редко используемых алелей и перспективы селекции на изменение ДВП (скороспелости) для конкретных зон возделывания.

Wheat is one of three main food crops around the world, which has the largest distribution area due to its adaptation to the different environments. This review considers polymorphisms and allelic variation of the vernalization response genes Vrn controlling the major adaptation traits in wheats (the genus Triticum L.): growth habit (spring vs. winter) and length of vegetative period (earliness). The review summarizes available information on the allelic diversity of the Vrn genes and discusses molecular-level relationships between Vrn polymorphisms and their effect on growth habit (spring vs. winter) and earliness (length vegetative period in spring plants) in di-, tetra- and hexaploid wheat species. A unique attempt has been made to relate information on mutations (polymorphisms) in dominant Vrn alleles to the values of the commercially most important trait “length of plant vegetative period (earliness)”. The effects of mutations (polymorphisms) in the recessive vrn genes on vernalization requirement in winter wheats are considered, and this trait was formalized. The evolution of the winter/spring growth habit in the genus Triticum  species is discussed. A scheme of phylogenetic interactions between Vrn alleles was constructed on the basis of these polymorphisms; the paper considers the possibilities to enhance the diversity of polymorphisms for the dominant Vrn genes and their alleles using wheat related species and rarely used alleles and discusses the prospects of breeding for improved earliness for concrete agroecological zones.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.