vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJGB-23-114vavilov-4010Research ArticleИММУНИТЕТ РАСТЕНИЙ К БОЛЕЗНЯМPLANT IMMUNITYИзучение устойчивости к бурой ржавчине, урожайности и качества зерна у образцов коллекции мягкой пшеницы в экологических условиях Новосибирской областиStudying a collection of common-wheat varieties for leaf rust resistance, crop yield and grain quality in the environmental conditions of Novosibirsk regionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4674-6639СочаловаЛ. П.SochalovaL. P.

р.п. Краснообск, Новосибирская область

Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2714-7216АпаринаВ. А.AparinaV. A.

р.п. Краснообск, Новосибирская область

Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5026-4907БойкоН. И.BoykoN. I.

р.п. Краснообск, Новосибирская область

Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9259-4384ЗуевЕ. В.ZuevE. V.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

МорозоваЕ. В.MorozovaE. V.

р.п. Краснообск, Новосибирская область

Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region

МусиновК. К.MusinovE. V.

р.п. Краснообск, Новосибирская область

Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region

ВиниченкоН. А.VinichenkoN. A.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

ЛеоноваИ. Н.LeonovaI. N.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

ПискаревВ. В.PiskarevV. V.

р.п. Краснообск, Новосибирская область

Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region

piskaryov_v@mail.ruСибирский научно-исследовательский институт растениеводства и селекции – филиал Федерального исследовательского центра Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияSiberian Research Institute of Plant Production and Breeding – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)РоссияFederal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)Russian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Новосибирский государственный аграрный университетРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State Agrarian UniversityRussian Federation202329122023278988999Copyright © Сочалова Л.П., Апарина В.А., Бойко Н.И., Зуев Е.В., Морозова Е.В., Мусинов К.К., Виниченко Н.А., Леонова И.Н., Пискарев В.В., 20232023Сочалова Л.П., Апарина В.А., Бойко Н.И., Зуев Е.В., Морозова Е.В., Мусинов К.К., Виниченко Н.А., Леонова И.Н., Пискарев В.В.Sochalova L.P., Aparina V.A., Boyko N.I., Zuev E.V., Morozova E.V., Musinov E.V., Vinichenko N.A., Leonova I.N., Piskarev V.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4010

К основным факторам, влияющим на формирование высокого урожая, относятся связь генотипа сорта с условиями произрастания и фитопатогенная нагрузка, что необходимо учитывать в селекции для поиска доноров устойчивости и высокой выраженности ценных признаков. Изучение устойчивости 49 образцов мягкой пшеницы к поражению бурой ржавчиной проведено в полевых условиях естественного инфекционного фона и в лабораторных условиях к монопустульным изолятам с вирулентностью к генам Lr9 и Lr24. Показано, что сорта, несущие чужеродные гены Lr6Agi2 (Тулайковская 10) и Lr6Agi1 (Воевода), устойчивы к поражению бурой ржавчиной как в полевых условиях, так и при заражении в лаборатории. Сорта KWS Buran, KWS Akvilon, KW 240-3-13 и Этюд, которые формировали урожайность от 417 до 514 г/м2 – на уровне лучшего стандарта Сибирской 17, целесообразно использовать в условиях Западной Сибири в качестве доноров гена устойчивости Lr24. Донором генов устойчивости Lr19 и частично эффективного Lr26 может служить сорт Омская 44, характеризующийся урожайностью 440 г/м2. Сорта Тулеевская и Алтайская 110, в геноме которых содержится ген Lr9, рекомендуется использовать при создании генотипов с пирамидой генов устойчивости. Наиболее высокие показатели содержания белка и клейковины выявлены у образца CS2A/2M, наименьшие – у сортообразцов KWS Buran, Алтайская 110, Волгоуральская и KWS Akvilon. Сравнение коллекции образцов мягкой пшеницы по микро- (Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe) и макроэлементам (Ca, Mg, K) продемонстрировало наиболее высокие показатели у группы, состоящей из образцов CS2A/2M, Тулайковская 10, Pavon и Тулеевская. Наименьшие показатели большинства элементов определены у сортов KWS Buran, Новосибирская 15 и Волгоуральская. Озимые сорта, характеризующиеся устойчивостью к поражению бурой ржавчиной в условиях инфекционного фона, как правило, несут возрастные гены устойчивости (Lr34, Lr12 и Lr13), в том числе в сочетании с ювенильным геном Lr26. У линии с озимым типом развития (KS 93 U 62) выявлен ген Lr41, благодаря чему линия сохраняла устойчивость к поражению клоном патогена бурой ржавчины кLr24, несмотря на наличие в ее генотипе гена Lr24. Сорта Дока и Чешская 17 могут быть донорами генов устойчивости Lr26 + Lr34 и Lr9 + Lr12 + Lr13 + Lr34 и источниками короткостебельности без снижения зимостойкости и урожайности в условиях Западной Сибири.

The relationship between a variety’s genotype, environmental conditions and phytopathogenic load are the key factors contributing to high yields that should be taken into account in selecting donors for resistance and high manifestation of valuable traits. The study of leaf rust resistance in 49 common wheat varieties was carried out in the field against the natural pathogen background and under laboratory conditions using single-pustule isolates with virulence to Lr9 and Lr24. It has been shown that the varieties carrying alien genes Lr6Agi2 (Tulaikovskaya 10) and Lr6Agi1 (Voevoda) were resistant to leaf rust infection both in the field and in the laboratory. Varieties KWS Buran, KWS Akvilon, KW 240-3-13, and Etyud producing crop yields from 417 to 514 g/m2 comparable to the best standard variety Sibirskaya 17 can be reasonably used as Lr24 resistance gene donors under West Siberian conditions. Oms kaya 44 variety showing crop yield of 440g/m2 can be used as a donor for Lr19 and partially effective Lr26. Varieties Tuleevskaya and Altayskaya 110 with Lr9 in their genomes are recommended for the development of resistance gene-pyramided genotypes. The highest protein and gluten contents were observed in the CS2A/2M sample, while KWS Buran, Altayskaya 110, Volgouralskaya, and KWS Akvilon showed the lowest values. Varieties CS2A/2M, Tulaikovskaya 10, Pavon, and Tuleevskaya were ranked the highest in micro- (Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe) and macronutrient (Ca, Mg, K) contents among the common wheat samples from the collection, while the lowest values for most elements were observed in KWS Buran, Novosibirskaya 15, and Volgouralskaya. Winter varieties demonstrating leaf rust resistance against the infectious background typically carry adult plant resistance genes (Lr34, Lr12, and Lr13), particularly combined with the juvenile Lr26 gene. The presence of Lr41 in a winter type line (KS 93 U 62) allowed it to maintain resistance against a leaf rust pathogen clone kLr24, despite the presence of Lr24 in the genotype. Varieties Doka and Cheshskaya 17 may act as donors of resistance genes Lr26 + Lr34 and Lr9 + Lr12 + Lr13 + Lr34, as well as sources of dwarfing without losses in winter hardiness and yield under West Siberian conditions.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.