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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ15.031</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-404</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭВОЛЮЦИОННАЯ КОМПЬЮТЕРНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF GENETIC PROCESSES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Репарация ДНК в опухолевых стволовых клетках как фактор развития устойчивости глиом к радиотерапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>DNA repair in cancer stem cells as a factor for glioma resistance to radiotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макушева</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makusheva</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">makusheva@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дианов</surname><given-names>Г. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dianov</surname><given-names>G. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, Россия&#13;
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Оксфордский институт радиационной онкологии, Отделение онкологии Оксфордского университета, Оксфорд, Великобритания<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia&#13;
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Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>11</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>247</fpage><lpage>254</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Макушева Ю.С., Дианов Г.Л., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Макушева Ю.С., Дианов Г.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makusheva Y.S., Dianov G.L.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/404">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/404</self-uri><abstract><p>Глиомы – опухоли головного мозга, происходящие из клеток глии и их предшественников. Несмотря на применяемые методы лечения, выживаемость пациентов остается крайне низкой. Высокая смертность больных связана с устойчивостью этих опухолей к терапии, в большинстве случаев даже после хирургического удаления опухоли и последующего лечения сохраняется высокая вероятность рецидива заболевания. В настоящее время развитие глиом связывают с так называемыми опухолевыми стволовыми (ОСК), или опухоль-инициирующими, клетками. Широкое распространение получила иерархическая модель структурной организации опухоли, при которой вся опухоль развивается из одной клетки. Такие клетки, обладающие характеристиками стволовых клеток, за счет способности к самообновлению и дифференцировке, а также наличия генетических нарушений обеспечивают развитие опухоли. Таким образом, даже наличие небольшого числа таких клеток после удаления основной массы опухоли может привести к повторному развитию злокачественной опухоли. Накопленные за последнее время данные свидетельствуют о важной роли ОСК в развитии устойчивости опухоли к действию химио- и радиотерапии. В данном обзоре помимо общей информации о классификации глиом и методах лечения этих опухолей также рассматриваются результаты исследований, связанных именно с влиянием лучевой терапии на жизнеспособность ОСК, а также с определением роли процесса репарации ДНК в восстановлении опухолевых стволовых клеток. Можно сделать вывод, что процесс репарации ДНК вносит значимый вклад в развитие устойчивости ОСК к действию ионизирующего излучения. Также получены данные, свидетельствующие о том, что ингибирование репарации в таких клетках приводит к увеличению чувствительности опухоли к радиотерапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Gliomas are brain tumors originating from glial cells and their precursor cells. In spite of currently used therapy, patient survival remains very poor. The main reason for dismal prognosis is the high level of tumor recurrence because of resistance to different ways of treatment. Currently, it is believed that glioma development is connected with the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), or tumor-initiating cells. The theory of hierarchal tumor structure is now commonly accepted. It accounts for characteristics of these cells, namely, the capability of self-renewal and differentiation into astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. Moreover, these cells bear multiple genetic lesions typical of cancer cells. Thus, the presence of these cells after surgery and further treatment allows the tumor to recur. The data obtained in recent years confirm the important role of CSCs in the development of tumor resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. In this review, we present general information about classification and treatment of gliomas and consider results of research connected with the influence of radiation therapy. Some authors show that DNA repair enables CSCs to survive even after treatment. To sum up, it is shown that DNA repair contributes to the development of tumor resistance to ionizing radiation. In addition, our work confirms the hypothesis that inhibition of DNA repair processes in these cells leads to tumor sensitization to radiotherapy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глиома</kwd><kwd>репарация ДНК</kwd><kwd>радиотерапия</kwd><kwd>опухолевые стволовые клетки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>glioma</kwd><kwd>DNA repair</kwd><kwd>radiotherapy</kwd><kwd>cancer stem cells.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Олюшин В.Е. Глиальные опухоли головного мозга: краткий обзор литературы и протокол лечения больных. Нейрохирургия. 2005;4:41-47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abbotts R., Thompson N., Madhusudan S. 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