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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ15.032</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-405</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭВОЛЮЦИОННАЯ КОМПЬЮТЕРНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF GENETIC PROCESSES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Рецептор глюкокортикоидов: переход из цитоплазмы в клеточное ядро, хроматиновый и внутриядерный шапероновый циклы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Glucocorticoid receptor: translocation from the cytoplasm to the nuclei, chromatin and intranuclear chaperone cycles</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меркулов</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Merkulov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">merkti@niboch.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меркулова</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Merkulova</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики&#13;
Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>11</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>255</fpage><lpage>263</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Меркулов В.М., Климова Н.В., Меркулова Т.И., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Меркулов В.М., Климова Н.В., Меркулова Т.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Merkulov V.M., Klimova N.V., Merkulova T.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/405">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/405</self-uri><abstract><p>Рецептор глюкокортикоидных гормонов (ГР) является лигандзависимым фактором транскрипции, регулирующим экспрессию сотен генов. В отсутствие гормона ГР находится в цитоплазме клетки в комплексе c молекулярными шаперонами hsp90, hsp70, p23, Hop, FKBP51, FKBP52 и др. В составе этого комплекса ГР приобретает конформацию, обладающую высоким сродством к глюкокортикоидам. После связывания с гормоном рецептор высвобождается из комплекса с шаперонами и переходит в клеточное ядро, где взаимодействует со специфическими участками ДНК (GREs) генов-мишеней глюкокортикоидов, влияя на интенсивность их транскрипции. Затем свободный от гормона ГР выходит из клеточного ядра в цитоплазму, завершая ядерно-цитоплазматический цикл этого белка. Согласно современным представлениям, существуют также внутриядерные хроматиновый и шапероновый циклы ГР. Хроматиновым циклом называется цикл связывания/диссоциации/повторного связывания гормонрецепторных комплексов с GREs, занимающий от нескольких секунд до нескольких десятков секунд. Шапероновый цикл происходит после диссоциации гормон-рецепторного комплекса в ядрах, когда ГР связывается с присутствующими в них теми же молекулярными шаперонами, которые взаимодействуют с этим белком в цитоплазме, и в результате чего вновь связывает гормон, затем высвобождается из комплекса с шаперонами и снова взаимодействует с GREs. Предполагается, что главным образом за счет существования шаперонового цикла ГР удерживается в ядре клетки в течение нескольких часов. В настоящем обзоре обобщены имеющиеся в литературе данные, на основании которых были построены модели хроматинового и внутриядерного шаперонового циклов ГР и проведен их критический анализ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor, involved in the regulation of hundreds of genes. In the absence of any ligand, GR resides in the cytoplasm where it is sequestered in a multimeric chaperone complex consisting of hsp90, hsp70, p23, Hop, FKBP51, FKBP52, etc. As part of this multiprotein complex, GR undergoes conformational changes that allow glucocorticoid hormone binding. Upon ligand binding, GR dissociates from chaperon complex and translocates into the nucleus, where it interacts with specific DNA sequences (GREs) in the regulatory regions of target genes and modulates their expression. Then unliganded GR is exported to the cytoplasm, completing the nuclear-cytoplasmic cycle. Recent evidence suggests that, in addition to this cycle, chromatin and chaperone GR cycles exist within the nuclei. The chromatin cycle implies repeated interactions of ligand-bound GR with GREs in the chromatin context lasting for few seconds. The chaperone cycle starts after dissociation of the hormone–receptor complex, when GR binds to the nuclear chaperone machinery. As a result, its hormone-binding affinity is regained. Upon hormone binding, GR releases from chaperon complex and binds to GREs again. It is assumed that the chaperone cycle is mainly responsible for prolonged GR retention in nuclei (half-life within 8–12 h upon steroid withdrawal). In this review, we summarize and critically analyze the published data on chromatin and intranuclear chaperone GR cycles.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рецептор глюкокортикоидов</kwd><kwd>молекулярные шапероны</kwd><kwd>клеточные ядра</kwd><kwd>хроматин</kwd><kwd>циклы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>glucocorticoid receptor</kwd><kwd>molecular chaperones</kwd><kwd>nuclei</kwd><kwd>chromatin</kwd><kwd>cycles.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">А.Н. Ядерные рецепторы: номенклатура, лиганды, механизмы влияния на экспрессию генов. 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