vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-24-08vavilov-4056Research ArticleГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ И БИОКОЛЛЕКЦИИPLANT GENETICSПроявление селекционно-ценных признаков в потомстве мутанта сорго, несущего генетическую конструкцию для РНК-сайленсинга гена γ-кафиринаManifestation of agronomically valuable traits in the progeny of a sorghum mutant carrying the genetic construct for RNA silencing of the γ-kafirin genehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3806-5697ЭльконинЛ. А.ElkoninL. A.

Саратов

Saratov

lelkonin@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3543-9083БорисенкоН. В.BorisenkoN. V.

Саратов

Saratov

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2701-3333ПылаевТ. Е.PylaevT. E.

Саратов

Saratov

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1272-3105КенжегуловО. A.KenzhegulovO. A.

Саратов

Saratov

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2471-1631СарсеноваС. Х.SarsenovaS. Kh.

Саратов

Saratov

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7438-0013СеливановН. Ю.SelivanovN. Yu.

Саратов

Saratov

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2851-415XПанинВ. М.PaninV. M.

Саратов

Saratov

Федеральный аграрный научный центр Юго-ВостокаРоссияFederal Center of Agriculture Research of the South-East RegionRussian FederationИнститут биохимии и физиологии растений и микроорганизмов, Федеральный исследовательский центр «Саратовский научный центр Российской академии наук»; Саратовский государственный медицинский университет им. В.И. Разумовского Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияInstitute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. RazumovskyRussian FederationИнститут биохимии и физиологии растений и микроорганизмов, Федеральный исследовательский центр «Саратовский научный центр Российской академии наук»РоссияInstitute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation2024020320242816373Copyright © Эльконин Л.А., Борисенко Н.В., Пылаев Т.Е., Кенжегулов О.A., Сарсенова С.Х., Селиванов Н.Ю., Панин В.М., 20242024Эльконин Л.А., Борисенко Н.В., Пылаев Т.Е., Кенжегулов О.A., Сарсенова С.Х., Селиванов Н.Ю., Панин В.М.Elkonin L.A., Borisenko N.V., Pylaev T.E., Kenzhegulov O.A., Sarsenova S.K., Selivanov N.Y., Panin V.M.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4056

Улучшение питательной ценности зернового сорго – засухоустойчивой и жаростойкой зерновой культуры, служащей источником кормового и продовольственного зерна во многих засушливых регионах мира, – важная задача селекции в условиях глобального потепления климата. Одной из причин низкой питательной ценности зерна сорго является устойчивость его запасных белков (кафиринов) к протеолитическому расщеплению, обусловленная, в том числе структурной организацией белковых телец, в которых наиболее устойчивый к действию протеаз γ-кафирин располагается по периферии, инкапсулируя более легко перевариваемые α-кафирины. Введение генетических конструкций, способных к индукции РНК-сайленсинга гена γ-кафирина (gKAF1), открывает перспективы для решения этой проблемы. Нами у сорта зернового сорго Аванс посредством агробактериальной трансформации с использованием штамма, несущего в составе Т-ДНК генетическую конструкцию для РНК-сайленсинга гена gKAF1, получен мутант с улучшенной перевариваемостью белков эндосперма (до 92 %). Цель настоящей работы – изучение стабильности наследования введенной генетической конструкции в поколениях Т2–Т4, установление числа ее копий, а также проявления важнейших селекционно-ценных признаков у потомства полученного мутанта. Мутантные линии выращивали на экспериментальном участке Федерального аграрного научного центра Юго-Востока в трех рендомизированных блоках. Исследуемые линии характеризовались улучшенной перевариваемостью кафиринов, модифицированным типом эндосперма, полностью или частично лишенным стекловидного слоя, повышенным процентным содержанием лизина (на 75 %), сниженной высотой растений, длиной подметельчатого междоузлия, массой 1000 зерен и урожаем зерна с метелки. В поколении Т2 отобрана линия с моногенным контролем устойчивости к глюфосинату аммония. Анализ qPCR показал, что у разных растений из поколений Т3 и Т4 генетическая конструкция присутствует в двух-четырех копиях. В поколении Т3 отобрана линия с высокой перевариваемостью белков эндосперма (81 %) и минимальным снижением селекционно-ценных признаков (на 5–7 %).

Improving the nutritional value of grain sorghum, a drought- and heat-tolerant grain crop, is an important task in the context of global warming. One of the reasons for the low nutritional value of sorghum grain is the resistance of its storage proteins (kafirins) to proteolytic digestion, which is due, among other things, to the structural organization of protein bodies, in which γ-kafirin, the most resistant to proteases, is located on the periphery, encapsulating more easily digested α-kafirins. The introduction of genetic constructs capable of inducing RNA silencing of the γ-kafirin (gKAF1) gene opens up prospects for solving this problem. Using Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of immature embryos of the grain sorghum cv. Avans we have obtained a mutant with improved digestibility of endosperm proteins (up to 92 %) carrying a genetic construct for RNA silencing of the gKAF1 gene. The goal of this work was to study the stability of inheritance of the introduced genetic construct in T2–T4 generations, to identify the number of its copies, as well as to trace the manifestation of agronomically valuable traits in the offspring of the mutant. The mutant lines were grown in experimental plots in three randomized blocks. The studied lines were characterized by improved digestibility of kafirins, a modified type of endosperm, completely or partially devoid of the vitreous layer, an increased percentage of lysine (by 75 %), reduced plant height, peduncle length, 1000-grains weight, and grain yield from the panicle. In T2, a line with monogenic control of GA resistance was selected. qPCR analysis showed that in different T3 and T4 plants, the genetic construct was present in 2–4 copies. In T3, a line with a high digestibility of endosperm proteins (81 %) and a minimal decrease in agronomically valuable traits (by 5–7 %) was selected.

Sorghum bicolorтрансгенные растенияРНК-сайленсингкафириныqPCRкачество зернатекстура эндоспермаSorghum bicolortransgenic plantsRNA silencingkafirinsqPCRgrain qualityendosperm textureThe work was carried out with financial support from the budget theme of the Federal Center of Agriculture Research of the South-East Region (Saratov, Russia) FNWF-2023-0006 and the state task of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for the Federal Research Center “Saratov Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, theme No. 121031700141-7. HPLC analysis of the amino acid composition of flour proteins was carried out using the equipment of the Center for Collective Use “Symbiosis” of the Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microoganisms of RAS (Saratov, Russia). qPCR analysis of the copy number of the genetic construct was carried out at the Research and Education Center for Molecular Genetic and Cellular Technologies of the V.I. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.