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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-24-16</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-4083</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МОЛЕКУЛЯРНАЯ И КЛЕТОЧНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка клеточных линий с индуцируемой деплецией компонентов когезина и конденсинов  посредством анализа морфологии метафазных хромосом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessing cell lines with inducible depletion  of cohesin and condensins components  through analysis of metaphase chromosome morphology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юнусова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yunusova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пристяжнюк</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pristyazhnuk</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шнайдер</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shnaider</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мальцева</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maltseva</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афонникова</surname><given-names>С. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afonnikova</surname><given-names>S. D. </given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусев</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gusev</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p><p>Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баттулин</surname><given-names>Н. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Battulin</surname><given-names>N.  R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">battulin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center; Казанский федеральный университет; Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center; Kazan Federal University; Endocrinology Research Center<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>138</fpage><lpage>147</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Юнусова А.М., Смирнов А.В., Пристяжнюк И.Е., Шнайдер Т.А., Мальцева Е.К., Афонникова С.Д., Гусев О.А., Баттулин Н.Р., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юнусова А.М., Смирнов А.В., Пристяжнюк И.Е., Шнайдер Т.А., Мальцева Е.К., Афонникова С.Д., Гусев О.А., Баттулин Н.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yunusova A.M., Smirnov A.V., Pristyazhnuk I.E., Shnaider T.A., Maltseva E.K., Afonnikova S.D., Gusev O.A., Battulin N.R.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4083">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4083</self-uri><abstract><p>Одна из самых продуктивных стратегий поиска функций различных белков – исследование последствий потери функции белка. Часто для этого получают клетки или организмы с нокаутом гена, кодирующего белок интереса. Однако многие белки выполняют настолько важные функции, что клетка или организм резко теряют жизнеспособность при потере функции такого белка. Для этих белков наиболее продуктивной стратегией является применение систем индуцируемой деградации белка. Часто используют систему ауксин-зависимой деградации белков. Для применения этой системы достаточно ввести в клетки млекопитающих трансген, кодирующий растительную ауксин-зависимую убиквитин лигазу, и влючить в ген интереса последовательность, кодирующую дегроновый домен. Важный этап создания клеток, способных к индуцируемой деплеции белка, – отбор клеточных клонов с эффективной ауксин-зависимой деградацией белка интереса. Для отбора клонов с индуцируемой деплецией архитектурных белков хроматина RAD21 (компонент когезинового комплекса) и SMC2 (компонент конденсинового комплекса) мы предлагаем использовать морфологию метафазных хромосом как удобный функциональный тест. В данной работе мы получили серию клонов клеток человека HAP1, несущих необходимые генетические конструкции для индуцируемой деплеции RAD21 и SMC2. Эффективность деградации белка интереса была оценена с помощью проточной цитофлуориметрии, Вестерн-блоттинга и теста на морфологию метафазных хромосом. На основе проведенных тестов мы продемонстрировали, что созданные нами клоны с дегроном SMC2 эффективно и полно теряют функцию белка при индукции ауксином. При этом ни один из созданных нами клонов HAP1 с дегроном RAD21 не показал полной потери функции RAD21 при индукции деградации ауксином. Кроме того, некоторые клоны имели признаки потери функции RAD21 даже в отсутствие индукции. Использованный нами тест на морфологию хромосом оказался удобным и информативным для отбора клонов. Результаты этого теста хорошо согласуются с данными проточной цитофлуориметрии анализа и Вестерн-блоттинга. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>One of the most productive strategies for finding the functions of proteins is to study the consequences of loss of protein function. For this purpose, cells or organisms with a knockout of the gene encoding the protein of interest are obtained. However, many proteins perform important functions and cells or organisms could suddenly lose fitness when the function of a protein is lost. For such proteins, the most productive strategy is to use in ducible protein degradation systems. A system of auxin-dependent protein degradation is often implemented. To use this system, it is sufficient to introduce a transgene encoding a plant-derived auxin-dependent ubiquitin ligase into mammalian cells and insert a sequence encoding a degron domain into the gene of interest. A crucial aspect of development of cell lines engineered for inducible protein depletion is the selection of cell clones with efficient  auxin-dependent degradation of the protein of interest. To select clones induced by depletion of the architectural chromatin proteins RAD21 (a component of the cohesin complex) and SMC2 (a component of the condensin complex), we propose to use the morphology of metaphase chromosomes as a convenient functional test. In this work, we obtained a series of clones of human HAP1 cells carrying the necessary genetic constructs for inducible depletion of RAD21 and SMC2. The degradation efficiency of the protein of interest was assessed by flow cytometry, Western blotting and metaphase chromosome morphology test. Based on our tests, we showed that the clones we established with the SMC2 degron effectively and completely lose protein function when induced by auxin. However, none of the HAP1 clones we created with the RAD21 degron showed complete loss of RAD21 function upon induction of degradation by auxin. In addition, some clones showed evidence of loss of RAD21 function even in the absence of induction. The chromosome morphology test turned out to be a convenient and informative method for clone selection. The results of this test are in good agreement with flow cytometry analysis and Western blotting data.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>SMC белки</kwd><kwd>дегрон</kwd><kwd>конденсация хромосом</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>SMC proteins</kwd><kwd>degron</kwd><kwd>chromosome condensation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>We thank Masato Kanemaki for sharing the HCT-116 RAD21-mAC and SMC2-mAC cell lines. This work was supported by Russian Science  Foundation grant No. 23-74-00055. Cell culture was performed at the Collective Center of ICG SB RAS “Collection of Pluripotent Human and Mammalian Cell Cultures for Biological and Biomedical Research” , project number FWNR-2022=0019 (https://ckp.icgen.ru/cells/; http://www.biores.cytogen.ru/ brc_cells/collections/ICG_SB_RAS_CELL). Cryoarchiving and primary analysis of control cell lines HCT-116 RAD21-mAC and SMC2-mAC was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, grant 075-15-2021-1344.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baker M. Reproducibility crisis: Blame it on the antibodies. Nature. 2015;521(7552):274-276. DOI 10.1038/521274a</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baker M. Reproducibility crisis: Blame it on the antibodies. 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