vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-24-23vavilov-4089Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА ЖИВОТНЫХANIMAL GENETICSВлияние породы и среды на длину теломер лейкоцитов у крупного рогатого скотаInfluence of breed and environment on leukocyte telomere length in cattleЮдинН. С.YudinN. S.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

ИгошинА. В.IgoshinA. V.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

РомашовГ. А.RomashovG. A.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

МартыновА. А.MartynovA. A.

Якутск

Yakutsk

ЛаркинД. М.LarkinD. M.

Лондон

London

dlarkin@rvc.ac.ukФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationАрктический государственный агротехнологический университетРоссияArctic State Agrotechnological UniversityRussian FederationКоролевский ветеринарный колледжВеликобританияRoyal Veterinary College, University of LondonUnited Kingdom202411042024282190197Copyright © Юдин Н.С., Игошин А.В., Ромашов Г.А., Мартынов А.А., Ларкин Д.М., 20242024Юдин Н.С., Игошин А.В., Ромашов Г.А., Мартынов А.А., Ларкин Д.М.Yudin N.S., Igoshin A.V., Romashov G.A., Martynov A.A., Larkin D.M.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4089

Высокие удои молока сопряжены с сокращением продолжительности жизни у высокопродуктивных молочных пород скота. Преждевременная выбраковка приводит к значительным экономическим потерям в молочном животноводстве и увеличению потребности в ремонтных телках. Отбор по этому признаку затруднен из-за низкой наследуемости и сложности измерения данного фенотипа. Теломеры – это структуры, находящиеся на концах хромосом, состоящие из повторяющихся последовательностей ДНК длиной в несколько тысяч пар оснований, связанных с нуклеопротеиновыми комплексами. У людей и большинства других животных длина теломер уменьшается с возрастом. Когда теломерная ДНК сокращается до критической длины, индуцируются процессы старения клеток, остановки клеточного цикла и апоптоза. В результате длину теломер можно рассматривать как предиктор рисков для здоровья и продолжительности жизни индивида. Длина теломер лейкоцитов может быть использована в качестве суррогатного фенотипа для признака продуктивного долголетия для улучшения селекции крупного рогатого скота. Целью нашей работы было – оценить влияние породы и направления продуктивности (молочное или мясное) на длину теломер лейкоцитов, а также проанализировать влияние холодного климата на этот признак в популяциях крупного рогатого скота калмыцкой породы на Юге (Ростовская область) и Крайнем Севере (Республика Саха) России. Измерение длины теломер лейкоцитов осуществлено с помощью компьютерных методов на основе данных полногеномного ресеквенирования. Мы использовали данные о длине теломер лейкоцитов, половой принадлежности и возрасте 239 животных, относящихся к 17 породам крупного рогатого скота. Фактор породы оказывает существенное влияние на длину теломер лейкоцитов в нашей выборке. Достоверных различий в длине теломер лейкоцитов между молочными и мясными группами нами не выявлено. Значительное влияние на длину теломер лейкоцитов у животных калмыцкой породы оказывает фактор популяции. Таким образом, мы обнаружили, что именно порода, но не направление продуктивности (молочное или мясное), достоверно влияла на длину теломер лейкоцитов у крупного рогатого скота. Разведение в более холодном климате было ассоциировано с большей длиной теломер лейкоцитов у крупного рогатого скота калмыцкой породы.

High milk yield is associated with reduced longevity in high-producing dairy cattle breeds. Pre-term culling leads to high replacement heifer demand and economic losses for the dairy industry. Selection for this trait is limited because of low heritability and difficulties in phenotype measurement. Telomeres are elements found at the ends of chromosomes, consisting of repetitive DNA sequences, several thousand base pairs in length, coupled with nucleoprotein complexes. Eventually, in humans and most other animals, telomere length reduces with age. When telomeric DNA is truncated to a critical length, cell ageing, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis are induced. As a result, telomere length can be considered as a predictor of health risks and an individual’s lifespan. The leukocyte telomere length may be used as a proxy phenotype of productive lifespan to improve cattle selection. Our objectives were to assess the effects of breed and breed group (dairy vs. beef) on the leukocyte telomere length and to estimate the effect of cold climate on this trait in Kalmyk cattle populations from the South (Rostov Oblast) and Far North (Republic of Sakha) regions of Russia. The leukocyte telomere lengths were estimated computationally from whole-genome resequencing data. We leveraged data on leukocyte telomere length, sex, and age of 239 animals from 17 cattle breeds. The breed factor had a significant effect on leukocyte telomere length across our sample. There was no difference in leukocyte telomere length between dairy and beef groups. The population factor had a significant effect on leukocyte telomere length in Kalmyk animals. In conclusion, we found that breed, but not breed group (dairy vs. beef), was significantly associated with leukocyte telomere length in cattle. Residence in colder climates was associated with longer leukocyte telomere length in Kalmyk breed cattle.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.