References

vavilov

Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding

2500-3259

Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS

10.18699/VJ15.036

vavilov-409

Research Article

ЭВОЛЮЦИОННАЯ ГЕНЕТИКА И ВИДООБРАЗОВАНИЕ

Animal genetics and breeding

Собачий узел: систематический обзор рода Canis и предложения по таксономии

The Canis tangle: a systematics overview and taxonomic recommendations

Динец

В.

Dinets

dinets@gmail.com

Факультет психологии, Университет Теннесси, Ноксвилль, TN 37996 СШАРоссияDepartment of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USARussian Federation

2015

29112015

193286291

2015

Динец В.

Dinets V.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/409

Несмотря на значительное внимание исследователей, систематика и таксономия млекопитающих рода Canis относятся к наиболее спорным и запутанным. Многие таксоны, входящие в этот род, не соответствуют ни одной из существующих концепций вида, а генетические различия между видами малы. Обзор существующих противоречий, новейших данных и таксономических альтернатив позволяет рекомендовать наиболее обоснованные и практически целесообразные решения таксономических проблем. Границы рода подлежат пересмотру: два вида африканских шакалов (C. adustus и C. mesomelas) должны быть выделены в отдельный род Lupulella. Систематическое положение представителей рода, обитающих на востоке Северной Америки, вызывало ожесточенные дискуссии. Последние данные подтверждают видовую самостоятельность и древнее гибридное происхождение волков алгонкинского (C. lycaon lycaon) и рыжего (C. l rufus и недавно истребленных подвидов), а также недавнее гибридное происхождение двух других популяций. Особенно противоречивы систематическое положение, внутривидовая классификация, происхождение и таксономия собаки. Ее классифицируют как подвид или группу подвидов серого волка (C. lupus), подвид динго (C. dingo) или, наоборот, как самостоятельный вид (C. familiaris) с динго в качестве подвида. Анализ имеющихся данных показывает, что собака должна классифицироваться как самостоятельный вид с четырьмя подвидами, поскольку ее происхождение от общего с современным серым волком предка, вопреки распространенному мнению, предшествовало доместикации, а способность к гибридизации с серым волком в природе ограничена. Возможно, что первично популяции собак существовали в Юго-Восточной Азии до недавнего времени или даже существуют до сих пор.

Despite high research interest, the systematics and taxonomy of mammalian genus Canis are among the most convoluted and controversial: species boundaries are blurred and incongruent with any existing species concept, while genetic differences between species are low. I provide an overview of existing controversies, the most recent findings, and taxonomic possibilities, and recommend the most practical and well-substantiated solutions. The genus boundaries have to be changed, with two African jackals (C. adustus & C. mesomelas) moved to a separate genus Lupulella. The systematic status of taxa occurring in eastern North America has caused much argument; most recent data indicate that Algonquin (C. lycaon lycaon) and Red (C. l rufus and recently exterminated subspecies) Wolves originate from ancient hybridization and should be considered a separate species, while two other populations are of more recent hybrid origin. The systematic position, intraspecific classification, origin and taxonomy of Dog (C. familiaris) are particularly controversial. It has been alternatively classified as a subspecies of Gray Wolf (C.lupus), a subspecies of Dingo (C. dingo), or a full species (C. familiaris) with Dingo as a subspecies. Analysis of available data shows that Dog should be classified as a full species with four subspecies, since its origin from a common ancestor with modern Gray Wolf has likely predated its domestication (contrary to the most popular view), and interbreeding between Dog and Gray Wolf in the wild is limited. It is possible that never-domesticated Dog populations have survived in southeastern Asia until very recently, or even exist today.

волксобакашакалкойотдингоодомашниваниеисторияфилогениясистематикатаксономия.

wolfdogjackalcoyotedingodomesticationhistoryphylogenysystematictaxonomy

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.