vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-24-25vavilov-4091Research ArticleБИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ В ПОСТГЕНОМНУЮ ЭРУMEDICAL GENETICSСостав бактериального микробиома мокроты пациентов с разными патоморфологическими формами немелкоклеточного рака легкогоComposition of the sputum bacterial microbiome of patients with different pathomorphological forms of non-small-cell lung cancerДружининВ. Г.DruzhininV. G.

Кемерово

Kemerovo

druzhinin_vladim@mail.ruБарановаЕ. Д.BaranovaE. D.

Кемерово

Kemerovo

ДеменковП. С.DemenkovP. S.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

МацковаЛ. В.MatskovaL. V.

Стокгольм

Stockholm

ЛарионовА. В.LarionovA. V.

Кемерово

Kemerovo

Кемеровский государственный университет; Кемеровский государственный медицинский университетРоссияKemerovo State University; Kemerovo State Medical UniversityRussian FederationКемеровский государственный университетРоссияKemerovo State UniversityRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationКаролинский институтШвецияKarolinska InstituteSweden202411042024282204214Copyright © Дружинин В.Г., Баранова Е.Д., Деменков П.С., Мацкова Л.В., Ларионов А.В., 20242024Дружинин В.Г., Баранова Е.Д., Деменков П.С., Мацкова Л.В., Ларионов А.В.Druzhinin V.G., Baranova E.D., Demenkov P.S., Matskova L.V., Larionov A.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4091

Исследования последних лет показали, что бактериальный микробиом респираторного тракта влияет на развитие рака легкого. Изменение состава микробиома у пациентов связывают с хроническими воспалительными процессами, так как многие бактерии вызывают окислительный стресс, а также способны прямо или опосредованно повреждать геном в клетках организма хозяина. До настоящего времени состав респираторного микробиома у больных с различными гистологическими вариантами рака легкого не изучен. В настоящем исследовании для анализа таксономического состава микробиома мокроты 52 пациентов с плоско- клеточным раком легкого, 52 пациентов с аденокарциномой легкого и 52 здоровых доноров контрольной группы использовали технологию массового параллельного секвенирования региона V3-V4 16S рРНК. Микробиомы мокроты больных с разными гистологическими типами рака легкого и контроля не имели значимых различий по индексу видового богатства (Шеннона), однако у пациентов они отличались от контроля по индексу выравненности (Пиелу). Структуры бактериальных сообществ (бета-разнообразие) между аденокарциномой и плоскоклеточным раком также были близкими. Тем не менее матрица, построенная по Брэю–Кёртису, позволила выявить различия между пациентами с плоскоклеточным раком и здоровыми субъектами, но не между аденокарциномой и контролем. Метод LEFse позволил идентифицировать в мокроте больных плоскоклеточным раком увеличение содержания Bacillota (Streptococcus и Bacillus) и Actinomycetota (Rothia) при сопоставлении с образцами пациентов с аденокарциномой. Не найдено различий в содержании бактерий между образцами больных аденокарциномой и контроля. В микробиоме образцов мокроты пациентов с плоскоклеточным раком по сравнению с контролем было повышено содержание представителей родов Streptococcus, Bacillus, Peptostreptococcus (филум Bacillota), Prevotella, Macellibacteroides (филум Bacteroidota), Rothia (филум Actinomycetota) и Actinobacillus (филум Pseudomonadota). Таким образом, бактериальный микробиом мокроты пациентов с разными гистологическими типами немелкоклеточного рака легкого имеет существенные различия. Дальнейшие исследования должны быть посвящены поиску микробиомных биомаркеров рака легкого на уровне бактериальных видов с использованием полногеномного секвенирования.

Recent studies have shown that the bacterial microbiome of the respiratory tract influences the development of lung cancer. Changes in the composition of the microbiome are observed in patients with chronic inflammatory processes. Such microbiome changes may include the occurrence of bacteria that cause oxidative stress and that are capable of causing genome damage in the cells of the host organism directly and indirectly. To date, the composition of the respiratory microbiome in patients with various histological variants of lung cancer has not been studied. In the present study, we determined the taxonomic composition of the sputum microbiome of 52 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, 52 patients with lung adenocarcinoma and 52 healthy control donors, using next-generation sequencing (NGS) on the V3-V4 region of the bacterial gene encoding 16S rRNA. The sputum microbiomes of patients with different histological types of lung cancer and controls did not show significant differences in terms of the species richness index (Shannon); however, the patients differed from the controls in terms of evenness index (Pielou). The structures of bacterial communities (beta diversity) in the adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma groups were also similar; however, when analyzed according to the matrix constructed by the Bray–Curtis method, there were differences between patients with squamous cell carcinoma and healthy subjects, but not between those with adenocarcinoma and controls. Using the LEFse method it was possible to identify an increase in the content of Bacillota (Streptococcus and Bacillus) and Actinomycetota (Rothia) in the sputum of patients with squamous cell carcinoma when compared with samples from patients with adenocarcinoma. There were no differences in the content of bacteria between the samples of patients with adenocarcinoma and the control ones. The content of representatives of the genera Streptococcus, Bacillus, Peptostreptococcus (phylum Bacillota), Prevotella, Macellibacteroides (phylum Bacteroidota), Rothia (phylum Actinomycetota) and Actinobacillus (phylum Pseudomonadota) was increased in the microbiome of sputum samples from patients with squamous cell carcinoma, compared with the control. Thus, the sputum bacterial microbiome of patients with different histological types of non-small-cell lung cancer has significant differences. Further research should be devoted to the search for microbiome biomarkers of lung cancer at the level of bacterial species using whole-genome sequencing.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.