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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-24-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-4095</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAINSTREAM TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблемы создания фаговых библиотек антител  и пути их решения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of creating antibody phage libraries and their solutions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арипов</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aripov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>р. п. Кольцово, Новосибирская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aripov_vs@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>р. п. Кольцово, Новосибирская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильичев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyichev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>р. п. Кольцово, Новосибирская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербаков</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbakov</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>р. п. Кольцово, Новосибирская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор» Роспотребнадзора<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>249</fpage><lpage>257</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Арипов В.С., Волкова Н.В., Ильичев А.А., Щербаков Д.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Арипов В.С., Волкова Н.В., Ильичев А.А., Щербаков Д.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aripov V.S., Volkova N.V., Ilyichev A.A., Shcherbakov D.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4095">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4095</self-uri><abstract><p>Фаговый дисплей стал эффективной, надежной и востребованной молекулярной техникой для создания библиотек, содержащих миллионы или даже миллиарды клонов, экспонирующих различающиеся пептиды или белки. В основе этого метода лежит соответствие между генотипом и фенотипом фага, обеспечивающее презентацию на поверхности фаговых частиц рекомбинантных белков с известным аминокислотным составом. Использование процедуры аффинной селекции позволяет проводить отбор из фаговых библиотек вариантов, обладающих сродством к различным мишеням. Внедрение технологии фагового дисплея антител имело революционное значение в области клинической иммунологии, как для создания инструментов диагностики инфекционных заболеваний, так и для получения терапевтических агентов. Она стала также основой эффективных и относительно недорогих методов исследования белок-белковых взаимодействий, сайтов связывания рецепторов, идентификации эпитопов и мимотопов. Технология фагового дисплея антител включает в себя ряд этапов, от успешной реализации которых зависит финальный результат. Основа любой библиотеки – разнообразие, природное или полученное при помощи методов комбинаторной химии. Критически важным является подбор молекулярных техник, обеспечивающих сохранение этого разнообразия на этапе получения библиотек фагмид и на этапе трансформации клеток E. coli. После добавления фага-помощника к суспензии трансформированных клеток E. coli происходит формирование библиотеки бактериофагов, которая служит рабочим инструментом для проведения процедуры аффинной селекции и поиска индивидуальных молекул. Несмотря на кажущуюся простоту создания фаговых библиотек антител, существует ряд тонкостей, которые необходимо учитывать. В первую очередь это особенности подготовки фагмидного вектора. </p><p>В настоящее время разработано большое количество фагмидных векторов, и их выбор также имеет большое значение. Ключевым этапом считается подготовка компетентных клеток E. coli и технология их трансформации. Немаловажен выбор фага-помощника и способа его подготовки. Статья посвящена основным проблемам, с которыми сталкиваются исследователи при создании фаговых библиотек антител.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Phage display has become an efficient, reliable and popular molecular technique for generating libraries encompassing millions or even billions of clones of divergent peptides or proteins. The method is based on the correspondence between phage genotype and phenotype, which ensures the presentation of recombinant proteins of known amino acid composition on the surface of phage particles. The use of affinity selection allows one to choose variants with affinity for different targets from phage libraries. The implementation of the antibody phage display technique has revolutionized the field of clinical immunology, both for developing tools to diagnose infectious diseases and for producing therapeutic agents. It has also become the basis for efficient and relatively inexpensive methods for studying protein–protein interactions, receptor binding sites, as well as epitope and mimotope identification. The antibody phage display technique involves a number of steps, and the final result depends on their successful implementation. The diversity, whether natural or obtained by combinatorial chemistry, is the basis of any library. The choice of molecular techniques is critical to ensure that this diversity is maintained during the phage library preparation step and during the transformation of E. coli cells. After a helper phage is added to the suspension of transformed E. coli cells, a bacteriophage library is formed, which is a working tool for performing the affinity selection procedure and searching for individual molecules. Despite the apparent simplicity of generating phage antibody libraries, a number of subtleties need to be taken into account. First, there are the features of phage vector preparation. Currently, a large number of phagemid vectors have been developed, and their selection is also of great importance. The key step is preparing competent E. coli cells and the technology of their transformation. The choice of a helper phage and the method used to generate it is also important. This article discusses the key challenges faced by researchers in constructing phage antibody libraries.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фаговая библиотека</kwd><kwd>репликативная форма бактериофага</kwd><kwd>моноклональные антитела</kwd><kwd>фаг-помощник</kwd><kwd>компетентные клетки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>phage library</kwd><kwd>bacteriophage replicative form</kwd><kwd>monoclonal antibodies</kwd><kwd>helper phage</kwd><kwd>competent cells</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work was carried out under the Thematic Government Order 23/21 of the Plan of Main Activities of the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “VECTOR” for 2024. Acknowledgements.The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the Head of the Department of Molecular Immunology, Doctor of Sciences in Biology, Alexander Vladimirovich Taranin, Senior Researchers, PhD Nikolay Andreevich Chikaev and PhD Alexander Matveevich Nayakshin, for their consultations during the work with phage libraries.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barbas C.F., Kang A.S., Lerner R.A., Benkovic S.J. Assembly of combinatorial antibody libraries on phage surfaces: the gene-III site. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1991;88(18):7978-7982. DOI 10.1073/pnas.88.18.7978</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barbas C.F., Kang A.S., Lerner R.A., Benkovic S.J. Assembly of combinatorial antibody libraries on phage surfaces: the gene-III site. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1991;88(18):7978-7982. 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