vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-24-31vavilov-4140Research ArticleСЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА ИММУНИТЕТ И КАЧЕСТВОPLANT BREEDING FOR IMMUNITY AND QUALITYОценка генетического разнообразия глиадинкодирующих локусов у образцов яровой пшеницы (Triticum aestivum L.), созданных в различных селекционных центрах Казахстана и РоссииAssessment of the genetic diversity of the alleles of gliadin-coding loci in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) collections in Kazakhstan and RussiaУтебаевМ. У.UtebayevM. U.

пос. Шортанды-1, Акмолинская область

Shortandy-1, Akmola Region

phytochem@yandex.ruДашкевичС. М.DashkevichS. M.

пос. Шортанды-1, Акмолинская область

Shortandy-1, Akmola Region

КрадецкаяО. О.KradetskayaO. O.

пос. Шортанды-1, Акмолинская область

Shortandy-1, Akmola Region

ЧилимоваИ. В.ChilimovaI. V.

пос. Шортанды-1, Акмолинская область

Shortandy-1, Akmola Region

БомеН. А.BomeN. A.

Тюмень

Tyumen

Научно-производственный центр зернового хозяйства им. А.И. БараеваКазахстанA.I. Barayev Research and Production Centre of Grain FarmingKazakhstanТюменский государственный университетРоссияUniversity of TyumenRussian Federation202430052024283263275Copyright © Утебаев М.У., Дашкевич С.М., Крадецкая О.О., Чилимова И.В., Боме Н.А., 20242024Утебаев М.У., Дашкевич С.М., Крадецкая О.О., Чилимова И.В., Боме Н.А.Utebayev M.U., Dashkevich S.M., Kradetskaya O.O., Chilimova I.V., Bome N.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4140

Изучение генетических ресурсов с использованием полиморфизма проламинов сортообразцов пшеницы из стран с различными климатическими условиями позволяет выявить и проследить предпочтительность отбора аллелей глиадинкодирующих локусов, характерных для конкретных условий. Цель исследования – определить «глиадиновый профиль» коллекции яровой мягкой пшеницы (Triticum aestivum L.) из селекционных центров России и Казахстана на основе изучения генетического разнообразия аллельных вариантов глиадинкодирующих локусов. Проведен расчет внутрипопуляционного (μ ± Sμ) и генетического (Н) разнообразия, доли редких аллелей (h ± Sh), критерия идентичности (I) и генетического сходства (r) яровой мягкой пшеницы из  восьми селекционных центров России и Казахстана. Установлено, что наибольшим внутрипопуляционным разнообразием аллелей глиадина отличались образцы яровой мягкой пшеницы, созданные в Костанайской (Карабалыкская СХОС, Казахстан) и Челябинской (Челябинский НИИСХ, Россия) областях. Доля редких аллелей (h) по локусам Gli-В1 и Gli-D1 оказалась максимальной у сортов пшеницы селекции НИИСХ Юго-Востока (Саратовская область, Россия), что объясняется высокой частотой встречаемости аллелей Gli-В1е (86 %) и Gli-D1a (89.9 %). Статистически доказано, что изученные образцы яровой мягкой пшеницы из разных областей Казахстана и России отличаются друг от друга по глиадинкодирующим локусам на основе критерия идентичности (I). Наибольшее значение I = 619.0 установлено при сравнении образцов пшеницы, происходящих из Костанайской и Саратовской областей, а минимальное I = 114.4 отмечено для сортов пшеницы из Тюменской и Челябинской областей. Выявлены аллели глиадина, которые были идентифицированы только образцах, созданных в определенных регионах. Сочетание аллелей Gli-А1f, Gli-B1e, Gli-Da идентифицировано у большинства образцов пшеницы Казахстана и России. Аллели Gli-A1f, Gli-A1i, Gli-A1m, Gli-A1o, Gli-B1e, Gli-D1a, Gli-D1f, Gli-A2q, Gli-B2o и Gli-D2a оказались характерными и с различной частотой встречались в сортах пшеницы восьми областей России и Казахстана. Наибольший внутрисортовой полиморфизм (51.1 %) наблюдался у сортов пшеницы селекции СибНИИСХ (О мская область, Россия), а наименьший (16.6 %) – у образцов Павлодарской СХОС (Павлодарская область, Казахстан). На основе частот встречаемости аллелей составлен «глиадиновый профиль» пшеницы из разных областей и селекционных учреждений России и Казахстана, который может быть использован для подбора родительских пар в селекционном процессе, контроле сортов при репродукции, а также для установления сортовой чистоты.

The study of genetic resources using prolamin polymorphism in wheat cultivars from countries with different climatic conditions makes it possible to identify and trace the preference for the selection of the alleles of gliadine-coding loci characteristic of specific conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the “gliadin profile” of the collection of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from breeding centers in Russia and Kazakhstan by studying the genetic diversity of allelic variants of gliadin-coding loci. Intrapopulation (μ ± Sμ) and genetic (H) diversity, the proportion of rare alleles (h ± Sh), identity criterion (I) and genetic similarity (r) of common wheat from eight breeding centers in Russia and Kazakhstan have been calculated. It has been ascertained that the samples of common wheat bred in Kostanay region (Karabalyk Agricultural Experimental Station, Kazakhstan) and Chelyabinsk region (Chelyabinsk Research Institute of Agriculture, Russia) had the highest intrapopulation diversity of gliadin alleles. The proportion of rare alleles (h) at Gli-B1 and Gli-D1 loci was the highest in the wheat cultivars bred by the Federal Center of Agriculture Research of the South-East Region (Saratov region, Russia), which is explained by a high frequency of occurrence of Gli-B1e (86 %) and Gli-D1a (89.9 %) alleles. Based on identity criterion (I), the studied samples of common wheat from different regions of Kazakhstan and Russia have differences in gliadincoding loci. The highest value of I = 619.0 was found when comparing wheat samples originated from Kostanay and Saratov regions, and the lowest I = 114.4, for wheat cultivars from Tyumen and Chelyabinsk regions. Some region-specific gliadin alleles in wheat samples have been identified. A combination of Gli-A1f, Gli-B1e and Gli-Da alleles has been identified in the majority of wheat samples from Kazakhstan and Russia. Alleles (Gli-A1f, Gli-A1i, Gli-A1m, Gli-A1o, Gli-B1e, Gli-D1a, Gli-D1f, Gli-A2q, Gli-B2o, and Gli-D2a) turned out to be characteristic and were found with varying frequency in wheat cultivars in eight regions of Russia and Kazakhstan. The highest intravarietal polymorphism (51.1 %) was observed in wheat cultivars bred in Omsk region (Russia) and the lowest (16.6 %), in Pavlodar region (Kazakhstan). On the basis of the allele frequencies, a “gliadin profile” of wheat from various regions and breeding institutions of Russia and Kazakhstan was compiled, which can be used for the selection of parent pairs in the breeding process, the control of cultivars during reproduction, as well as for assessing varietal purity.

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