vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-24-32vavilov-4141Research ArticleСЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА ИММУНИТЕТ И КАЧЕСТВОPLANT BREEDING FOR IMMUNITY AND QUALITYПоиск перспективных эндофитных липопептид-синтезирующих бактерий Bacillus spp. для защиты растений пшеницы от обыкновенной злаковой тли (Schizaphis graminum)Search for biocontrol agents among endophytic lipopeptidesynthesizing bacteria Bacillus spp. to protect wheat plants against Greenbug aphid (Schizaphis graminum)РумянцевС. Д.RumyantsevS. D.

Уфа

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АлексеевВ. Ю.AlekseevV. Y.

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СороканА. В.SorokanA. V.

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БурхановаГ. Ф.BurkhanovaG. F.

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ЧерепановаЕ. А.CherepanovaE. A.

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МаксимовИ. В.MaksimovI. V.

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ВеселоваС. В.VeselovaS. V.

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veselova75@rambler.ruИнститут биохимии и генетики – обособленное структурное подразделение Уфимского федерального исследовательского центра РАНРоссияInstitute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202430052024283276287Copyright © Румянцев С.Д., Алексеев В.Ю., Сорокан А.В., Бурханова Г.Ф., Черепанова Е.А., Максимов И.В., Веселова С.В., 20242024Румянцев С.Д., Алексеев В.Ю., Сорокан А.В., Бурханова Г.Ф., Черепанова Е.А., Максимов И.В., Веселова С.В.Rumyantsev S.D., Alekseev V.Y., Sorokan A.V., Burkhanova G.F., Cherepanova E.A., Maksimov I.V., Veselova S.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4141

Полезные эндофитные бактерии могут подавлять развитие вредителей за счет прямого антагонизма, с помощью метаболитов или опосредованно индуцировать системную устойчивость через регуляцию гормональных сигнальных путей. Липопептиды – бактериальные метаболиты, проявляющие прямую антагонистическую активность ко многим организмам, в том числе к насекомым. Также липопептиды способны запускать системную индуцированную устойчивость у растений против вредных организмов. В настоящее время механизм действия бактериальных метаболитов липопептидов на защитную систему растений только начинают исследовать. В данной работе изучено десять штаммов и изолятов бактерий, выделенных из внутренних тканей культурной и дикой пшеницы и картофеля. Секвенирование гена 16S рРНК показало принадлежность всех изолятов к роду Bacillus и двум видам – B. subtilis и B. velezensis. У всех бактериальных изолятов методом ПЦР были идентифицированы гены липопептид синтаз – сурфактин синтазы (Bs_srf ), итурин синтаз (Bs_ituA, Bs_ituB) и фенгицин синтазы (Bs_fenD). Все штаммы обладали афицидной активностью в отношении обыкновенной злаковой тли (Schizaphis graminum Rond.) за счет синтеза липопептидов, что было доказано с помощью липопептид-богатых фракций (ЛБФ), выделенных из штаммов. Эндофитные липопептид-синтезирующие штаммы Bacil lus spp. опосредованно влияли на жизнеспособность тли, выносливость растений по отношению к тле и запускали системную индуцированную устойчивость у растений, что проявлялось в регуляции окислительного метаболизма и накоплении транскриптов генов Pr1, Pr2, Pr3, Pr6 и Pr9, за счет синтеза липопептидов, что подтверждено с помощью ЛБФ, выделенных из трех штаммов – B. subtilis 26D, B. subtilis 11VM и B. thuringiensis B-6066. В нашей работе впервые показано афицидное действие фенгицина и способность штаммов и изолятов B. subtilis Ttl2, Bacillus sp. Stl7 и B. thuringiensis B-6066, синтезирующих фенгицин, регулировать компоненты про-/антиоксидантной системы растений, зараженных тлей. Кроме того, впервые продемонстрирована элиситорная роль фенгицина в запуске системной устойчивости растений пшеницы к S. graminum. Обнаружены новые перспективные штаммы и изоляты эндофитных бактерий рода Bacillus, которые могут стать основой будущих биопрепаратов против тлей. Одним из критериев поиска новых бактерий, активных против насекомых, питающихся флоэмным соком, может быть наличие в бактериальном геноме генов липопептид синтаз. 

Beneficial endophytic bacteria can suppress the development of insect pests through direct antagonism, with the help of metabolites, or indirectly by the induction of systemic resistance through the regulation of hormonal signaling pathways. Lipopeptides are bacterial metabolites that exhibit direct antagonistic activity against many organisms, including insects. Also, lipopeptides are able to trigger induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants against harmful organisms, but the physiological mechanisms of their action are just beginning to be studied. In this work, we studied ten strains of bacteria isolated from the tissues of wheat and potatoes. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene showed that all isolates belong to the genus Bacillus and to two species, B. subtilis and B. velezensis. The genes for lipopeptide synthetase – surfactin synthetase (Bs_srf ), iturin synthetase (Bs_ituA, Bs_ituB) and fengycin synthetase (Bs_fenD) – were identified in all bacterial isolates using PCR. All strains had high aphicidal activity against the Greenbug aphid (Schizaphis graminum Rond.) due to the synthesis of lipopeptides, which was proven using lipopeptiderich fractions (LRFs) isolated from the strains. Endophytic lipopeptide-synthesizing strains of Bacillus spp. indirectly affected the viability of aphids, the endurance of plants against aphids and triggered ISR in plants, which manifested itself in the regulation of oxidative metabolism and the accumulation of transcripts of the Pr1, Pr2, Pr3, Pr6 and Pr9 genes due to the synthesis of lipopeptides, which was proven using LRF isolated from three strains: B. subtilis 26D, B. subtilis 11VM, and B. thuringiensis B-6066. We have for the first time demonstrated the aphicidal effect of fengycin and the ability of the fengycin-synthesizing strains and isolates, B. subtilis Ttl2, Bacillus sp. Stl7 and B. thuringiensis B-6066, to regulate components of the pro-/antioxidant system of aphid-infested plants. In addition, this work is the first to demonstrate an elicitor role of fengycin in triggering a systemic resistance to S. graminum in wheat plants. We have discovered new promising strains and isolates of endophytes of the genus Bacillus, which may be included in the composition of new biocontrol agents against aphids. One of the criteria for searching for new bacteria active against phloem-feeding insects can be the presence of lipopeptide synthetase genes in the bacterial genome.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.