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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-24-36</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-4145</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЛОГЕНЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYLOGENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Байкальские амфиподы и их геномы, большие и малые</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lake Baikal amphipods and their genomes, great and small</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дроздова</surname><given-names>П. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drozdova</surname><given-names>P. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drozdovapb@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мадьярова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Madyarova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гурков</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurkov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саранчина</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saranchina</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петунина</surname><given-names>Ж. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petunina</surname><given-names>J. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перетолчина</surname><given-names>Т. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Peretolchina</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербаков</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sherbakov</surname><given-names>D. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иркутск</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеев</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeyev</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.a.timofeyev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Иркутский государственный университет; АНО «Байкальский исследовательский центр»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Irkutsk State University; Baikal Research Centre<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Иркутский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Irkutsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Лимнологический институт Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Иркутский государственный университет; Лимнологический институт Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Irkutsk State University; Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>3</issue><elocation-id>317-­325</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дроздова П.Б., Мадьярова Е.В., Гурков А.Н., Саранчина А.Е., Романова Е.В., Петунина Ж.В., Перетолчина Т.Е., Щербаков Д.Ю., Тимофеев М.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дроздова П.Б., Мадьярова Е.В., Гурков А.Н., Саранчина А.Е., Романова Е.В., Петунина Ж.В., Перетолчина Т.Е., Щербаков Д.Ю., Тимофеев М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Drozdova P.B., Madyarova E.V., Gurkov A.N., Saranchina A.E., Romanova E.V., Petunina J.V., Peretolchina T.E., Sherbakov D.Y., Timofeyev M.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4145">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4145</self-uri><abstract><p>Эндемичные амфиподы (Crustacea: Amphipoda) озера Байкал – это один из наиболее ярких примеров возникновения большого количества видов (так называемых букетов видов), занимающих разнообразные экологические ниши, от небольшого числа исходных видов, которое происходило на ограниченной территории и потому доступно для всестороннего исследования. Подобные примеры предоставляют уникальные возможности изучения поведенческих, анатомических и физиологических адаптаций во множестве комбинаций условий среды и потому привлекают большое внимание. Существующие варианты таксономической классификации этой группы насчитывают более 350 морфологических видов и подвидов, которые, согласно молекулярно-­филогенетическим исследованиям маркерных генов, полных транскриптомов и митохондриальных геномов, произошли в результате не менее двух вселений в озеро. Исследования изоферментов и маркерных генов выявили существенное криптическое разнообразие байкальских амфипод, а также существенный разброс по уровню генетического разнообразия внутри некоторых морфологических видов. Экспериментальная проверка, проведенная на данный момент только для двух морфологических видов, показывает возможную применимость митохондриального маркера, гена первой субъединицы цитохром c­оксидазы, для предсказания репродуктивной изоляции. Приблизительно у десятой части видов байкальских амфипод был изучен размер ядерного генома и хромосомные числа, что позволило выявить почти десятикратную вариабельность размера генома при стабильных (2n = 52 для большинства изученных видов) кариотипах. При этом анализ разнообразия повторов в ядерных геномах показал существенные межвидовые различия. Кроме того, выявлены необычные особенности некоторых митохондриальных геномов, такие как вариабельность по длине и по порядку генов, а также дупликации генов тРНК, часть из которых подверглась ремолдингу (изменению специфичности антикодона за счет точечных мутаций). Следующими важными шагами должны стать сборка полных геномов для разных видов байкальских амфипод, чему на данном этапе препятствует сложная структура этих геномов с большим содержанием повторов, и обновление таксономической классификации видов с учетом комплекса полученных данных.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Endemic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda) of Lake Baikal represent an outstanding example of large species flocks occupying a wide range of ecological niches and originating from a handful of ancestor species. Their development took place at a restricted territory and is thus open for comprehensive research. Such examples provide unique opportunities for studying behavioral, anatomic, or physiological adaptations in multiple combinations of environmental conditions and thus attract considerable attention. The existing taxonomies of this group list over 350 species and subspecies, which, according to the molecular phylogenetic studies of marker genes, full transcriptomes and mitochondrial genomes, originated from at least two introductions into the lake. The studies of allozymes and marker genes have revealed a significant cryptic diversity in Baikal amphipods, as well as a large variance in genetic diversity within some morphological species. Crossing experiments conducted so far for two morphological species suggest that the differences in the mitochondrial marker (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene) can potentially be applied for making predictions about reproductive isolation. For about one­tenth of the Baikal amphipod species, nuclear genome sizes and chromosome numbers are known. While genome sizes vary within one order of magnitude, the karyotypes are relatively stable (2n = 52 for most species studied). Moreover, analysis of the diversity of repeated sequences in nuclear genomes showed significant between­species differences.  Studies of mitochondrial genomes revealed some unusual features, such as variation in length and gene order, as well as duplications of tRNA genes, some of which also underwent remolding (change in anticodon specificity due to point mutations). The next important steps should be (i) the assembly of whole genomes for different species of Baikal amphipods, which is at the moment hampered by complicated genome structures with high repeat content, and (ii) updating species taxonomy taking into account all the data.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>озеро Байкал</kwd><kwd>бокоплавы</kwd><kwd>букеты видов</kwd><kwd>видообразование</kwd><kwd>генетика популяций</kwd><kwd>геномика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Lake Baikal</kwd><kwd>amphipods</kwd><kwd>species flocks</kwd><kwd>speciation</kwd><kwd>population genetics</kwd><kwd>genomics</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was financed by the Russian Science Foundation, grant number 22­14­00128, https://rscf.ru/ en/project/22­14­00128/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arzhannikov S.G., Ivanov A.V., Arzhannikova A.V., Demonterova E.I., Jansen J.D., Preusser F., Kamenetsky V.S., Kamenetsky M.B. 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