vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-24-42vavilov-4179Research ArticleГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ И БИОКОЛЛЕКЦИИPLANT GENETICSДисомное замещение хромосом 3R(3B) приводит к комплексу аномалий в мейозе мягкой пшеницы Triticum aestivum L.Disomic chromosome 3R(3B) substitution causes a complex of meiotic abnormalities in bread wheat Triticum aestivum L.ЖуравлеваА. А.ZhuravlevaА. А.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3299-2975СилковаО. Г.SilkovaО. G.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

silkova@bionet.nsc.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202411072024284365376Copyright © Журавлева А.А., Силкова О.Г., 20242024Журавлева А.А., Силкова О.Г.Zhuravleva А.А., Silkova О.G.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4179

У линий мягкой пшеницы с интрогрессией чужеродных хромосом создается новый генетический фон, который изменяет экспрессию генов как пшеницы, так и хромосом-доноров родственных видов. На хромосоме 3В пшеницы локализованы гены, участвующие в регуляции мейоза. Целью работы было изучить влияние замещения хромосомы пшеницы 3В гомеологичной хромосомой ржи 3R на регуляцию мейоза у дисомно замещенной линии пшеницы 3R(3B). C помощью иммуноокрашивания с антителами к белку микротрубочек, α-тубулину и центромероспецифичному гистону H3 (CENH3), а также с использованием флуоресцентной in situ гибридизации проведен анализ динамики микротрубочкового цитоскелета и поведения хромосом пшеницы и ржи 3R в мейозе линии 3R(3B) (Triticum aestivum L. сорт Саратовская 29 × Secale cereale L. сорт Онохойская). В результате работы обнаружен комплекс аномалий в динамике микротрубочек и поведении хромосом как в первом, так и во втором делениях. Особенностью метафазы I у линии 3R(3B) являлось уменьшение числа хиазм в сравнении с сортом Саратовская 29 – 34.9 ± 0.62 и 41.92 ± 0.38 соответственно. Гомологи хромосомы ржи 3R в 13.18 % мейоцитов не формировали биваленты. Хромосомы характеризовались различной степенью компактизации, в 53.33 ± 14.62 клетки отсутствовала метафазная пластинка. Установлены нарушения в нуклеации микротрубочек на кинетохорах отдельных бивалентов и в их конвергенции на полюсах деления веретена. Важной особенностью мейоза было асинхронное поведение хромосом во втором делении и наличие диад на стадии телофазы II в 8–13 % мейоцитов в зависимости от изученного пыльника. Таким образом, согласно мейотическому фенотипу линии 3R(3B), на хромосоме 3В сорта Саратовская 29 находятся гены, участвующие в регуляции комплекса мейотических процессов, а замещение хромосомами ржи 3R3R хромосом 3B3B не компенсирует их отсутствия.

Triticum aestivum L. lines introgressed with alien chromosomes create a new genetic background that changes the gene expression of both wheat and donor chromosomes. The genes involved in meiosis regulation are localized on wheat chromosome 3B. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of wheat chromosome 3B substituted with homoeologous rye chromosome 3R on meiosis regulation in disomically substituted wheat line 3R(3B). Employing immunostaining with antibodies against microtubule protein, α-tubulin, and the centromerespecific histone (CENH3), as well as FISH, we analyzed microtubule cytoskeleton dynamics and wheat and rye 3R chromosomes behavior in 3R(3B) (Triticum aestivum L. variety Saratovskaya 29 × Secale cereale L. variety Onokhoiskaya) meiosis. The results revealed a set of abnormalities in the microtubule dynamics and chromosome behavior in both first and second divisions. A feature of metaphase I in 3R(3B) was a decrease in the chiasmata number compared with variety Saratovskaya 29, 34.9 ± 0.62 and 41.92 ± 0.38, respectively. Rye homologs 3R in 13.18 % of meiocytes did not form bivalents. Chromosomes were characterized by varying degrees of compaction; 53.33 ± 14.62 cells lacked a metaphase plate. Disturbances were found in microtubule nucleation at the bivalent kinetochores and in their convergence at the spindle division poles. An important feature of meiosis was the asynchronous chromosome behavior in the second division and dyads at the telophase II in 8–13 % of meiocytes, depending on the anther studied. Considering the 3R(3B) meiotic phenotype, chromosome 3B contains the genes involved in the regulation of meiotic division, and substituting 3B3B chromosomes with rye 3R3R does not compensate for their absence.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.