<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ15.045</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-419</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭПИГЕНЕТИКА И РЕГУЛЯЦИЯ АКТИВНОСТИ ГЕНОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CRYOPRESERVATION AND REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение репродуктивных технологий и создание криобанка генетических ресурсов лабораторных животных</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Applying reproductive technologies and genome resource banking to laboratory animals</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амстиславский</surname><given-names>С. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Amstislavsky</surname><given-names>S. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">amstis@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брусенцев</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brusentsev</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамова</surname><given-names>Т. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramova</surname><given-names>T. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рагаева</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ragaeva</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рожкова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rozhkova</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игонина</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Igonina</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кизилова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kizilova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Напримеров</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naprimerov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Феоктистова</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Feoktistoiva</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова Российской академии наук, Москва, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>11</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>367</fpage><lpage>371</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Амстиславский С.Я., Брусенцев Е.Ю., Абрамова Т.О., Рагаева Д.С., Рожкова И.Н., Игонина Т.Н., Кизилова Е.А., Напримеров В.А., Феоктистова Н.Ю., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Амстиславский С.Я., Брусенцев Е.Ю., Абрамова Т.О., Рагаева Д.С., Рожкова И.Н., Игонина Т.Н., Кизилова Е.А., Напримеров В.А., Феоктистова Н.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Amstislavsky S.Y., Brusentsev E.Y., Abramova T.O., Ragaeva D.S., Rozhkova I.N., Igonina T.N., Kizilova E.A., Naprimerov V.A., Feoktistoiva N.Y.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/419">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/419</self-uri><abstract><p>Современные криобанки генетических ресурсов лабораторных животных основаны на замораживании преимплантационных эмбрионов и семени. Криобанки создают и используют в сочетании с современными репродуктивными технологиями, такими как редеривация, культивирование in vitro и трансплантация эмбрионов. В ИЦиГ СО РАН 13 линий мышей и крыс редеривированы, создан криобанк, в котором хранятся 32 линии мышей и крыс. Проведены успешные эксперименты по переводу в криобанк других лабораторных животных, помимо мышей и крыс. Были криоконсервированы эмбрионы двух видов хомячков рода Phodopus (джунгарского и Кэмпбелла); их жизнеспособность была подтверждена успешным развитием после размораживания в условиях in vitro и in vivo (рождение потомства после трансплантации реципиенту). Было продемонстрировано стимулирующее влияние гранулоцитарно-макрофагального колониестимулирующего фактора при культивировании преимплантационных зародышей этих двух видов мохноногих хомячков. Кроме того, семя хомячков джунгарского (Phodopus sungorus) и Кэмпбелла (Phodopus campbelli), котов домашнего (Felis catus) и амурского (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus), а также красной рыси (Lynx rufus) было заморожено и криоконсервировано. Исследования с примене­нием методов флуоресцентной окраски SYBR Green/PI и последующей конфокальной микроскопии показали, что более 40 % замороженного семени амурского кота сохраняет жизнеспособность в процессе криоконсервации. Таким образом, впервые была продемонстрирована возможность успешного замораживания семени дикого представителя семейства кошачьих Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus. В статье дан обзор этих работ, а также обсуждаются перспективы развития криобанка и применения репродуктивных технологий для сохранения различных лабораторных видов млекопитающих.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The Genome Resource Bank (GRB) is a repository of frozen biological material, including semen and embryos. Cryo­banking is used in combination with modern reproductive technologies such as rederivation, in vitro culture and embryo transfer. Thirteen mouse and rat strains have been re-derived and 32 are kept frozen in the cryostorage at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk. Some other laboratory animal species have been cryopreserved as well. Embryos of two hamster species (Djungarian and Campbell’s) in the genus Phodopus were cryopreserved and the viability of thawed embryos was proved by their successful development in vitro and in vivo (by transfer to a recipient). A positive effect of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was demonstrated with both these Phodopus species. Furthermore, semen of Djungarian (Phodopus sungorus) and Campbell’s (Phodopus campbelli) hamsters, domestic cat (Felis catus), amur cat (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) and bobcat (Lynx rufus) was frozen and cryopreserved. Double staining by SYBR Green/PI and subsequent confocal microscopy demonstrated that more than 40 % of amur cat semen retained viability after cryopreservation. This is the world’s first reported successful freezing of semen of this wild felid (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus). This article reviews the results and discusses prospects of using reproductive technologies for conservation of laboratory species.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>криобанк генетических ресурсов</kwd><kwd>эмбрионы</kwd><kwd>семя</kwd><kwd>мыши</kwd><kwd>крысы</kwd><kwd>хомячки</kwd><kwd>кошачьи</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cryobanking genetic resources</kwd><kwd>embryos</kwd><kwd>semen</kwd><kwd>mice</kwd><kwd>rats</kwd><kwd>hamsters</kwd><kwd>felids</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>ИЦиГ СО РАН, Минобрнауки России, РФФИ, сотрудники ИПЭиЭ им. А.Н. Северцова РАН: Е.В. Павлова, М.Н. Ерофеева, С.В. Найденко</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абрамова Т.О., Кизилова Е.А., Масленникова С.О., Рожкова И.Н., Байбородин С.И., Брусенцев Е.Ю., Найденко С.В., Амстиславский С.Я. Криоконсервация семени кошачьих. Биофизика живой клетки. 2014;10:17-19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abramova T.O., Kizilova E.A., Maslennikova S.O., Rozhkova I.N., Baiborodin S.I., Brusentsev E.Yu., Naidenko S.V., Amstislavsky S.Ya. Feline semen cryopreservation. Biofizika zhivoy kletki – Biophysics of Living Сell. 2014;10:17-19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Амстиславский С.Я., Брусенцев Е.Ю., Окотруб К.А., Рожкова И.Н. Криоконсервация эмбрионов и гамет для сохранения генетических ресурсов лабораторных животных. Онтогенез. 2015; 46(2): 67-81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agca Y. Genome resource banking of biomedically important laboratory animals. Theriogenology. 2012;78:1653-1665. DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.08.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Амстиславский С.Я., Абрамова Т.О., Брусенцев Е.Ю., Кизилова Е.А. Криоконсервация и сохранение биоразнообразия. Природа. 2014;9:24-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amstislavsky S.Ya., Abramova T.O., Brusentsev E.Yu., Kizilova E.A. Cryopreservation and biodiversity. Priroda – Nature (Moscow). 2014;9:24-33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Амстиславский С.Я., Анфиногенова Я.Д. Зверь, приручивший человека. Химия и жизнь – XXI век. 2010;5:28-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amstislavsky S.Ya., Anfinogenova Ya.D. The beast tamed man. Khimiya i zhizn – XXI vek – Chemistry and life: 21st century. 2010;5:28-33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брусенцев Е.Ю., Игонина Т.Н., Амстиславский С.Я. Традиционные и современные подходы к культивированию преимплантационных эмбрионов in vitro. Онтогенез. 2014;45(2):73-88.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amstislavsky S., Brusentsev E., Kizilova E., Igonina T., Abramova T., Rozhkova I. Embryo cryopreservation and in vitro culture of preimplantation embryos in Campbell’s hamster (Phodopus campbelli). Theriogenology. 2015;83:1056-1063. DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.12.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Феоктистова Н.Ю. Хомячки Phodopus. Систематика, филогеография, экология, физиология, поведение, химическая коммуникация. М., 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amstislavsky S.Ya., Brusentsev E.Yu., Okotrub K.A., Rozhkova I.N. Embryos and gametes cryopreservation for genetic resources conservation of laboratory animals. Ontogenez – Ontogeny. 2015;46(2):67-81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agca Y. Genome resource banking of biomedically important laboratory animals. Theriogenology. 2012;78:1653-1665. DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.08.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amstislavsky S., Lindeberg H., Luvoni G.C. Reproductive technologies relevant to the genome resource bank in Carnivora. Reprod. Dom. Anim. 2012;47:164-175. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01886.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amstislavsky S., Brusentsev E., Kizilova E., Igonina T., Abramova T., Rozhkova I. Embryo cryopreservation and in vitro culture of preimplantation embryos in Campbell’s hamster (Phodopus campbelli). Theriogenology. 2015;83:1056-1063. DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.12.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amstislavsky S., Kizilova E., Ternovskaya Y., Zudova G., Lindeberg H., Aalto J., Valtonen M. Embryo development and embryo transfer in the European mink (Mustela lutreola), an endangered mustelid species Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 2006;18:459-467. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/RD05135</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amstislavsky S., Lindeberg H., Luvoni G.C. Reproductive technologies relevant to the genome resource bank in Carnivora. Reprod. Dom. Anim. 2012;47:164-175. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01886.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amstislavsky S., Aalto J., Järvinen M., Lindeberg H., Valtonen M., Zudova G., Ternovskaya Y. Transfer of European mink ( Transfer of European mink (Mustela lutreola) embryos into hybrid recipients. Theriogenology. 2004;62:458-467. DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2003.10.011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amstislavsky S., Kizilova E., Ternovskaya Y., Zudova G., Lindeberg H., Aalto J., Valtonen M. Embryo development and embryo transfer in the European mink (Mustela lutreola), an endangered mustelid species. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 2006;18:459-467. DOI: http: //dx.doi.org/10.1071/RD05135</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brusentsev E.Yu., Igonina T.N., Abramova T.O., Igonina T., Naprimerov V., Feoktistova N., Amstislavsky S.Cryopreservation, in vitro culture and transfer of preimplantation embryos in Djungarian ham- preimplantation embryos in Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus). Reprod. Dom. Anim. 2015;50:677-683. DOI: 10.1111/rda.12564</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amstislavsky S., Aalto J., Järvinen M., Lindeberg H., Valtonen M., Zudova G., Ternovskaya Y.Transfer of European mink (Mustela lutreola) embryos into hybrid recipients. Theriogenology. 2004;62:458467. DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2003.10.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brusentsev E.Yu., Igonina T.N., Amstislavsky S.Ya. Traditional and modern approaches to the culturing of preimplantation mammalian embryos in vitro. Ontogenez — Ontogeny. 2014;45(2):73-88.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">BrusentsevE.Yu ., Igonina T.N ., Abram va T.O., Igonina T., Naprimerov V., Feoktistova N., Amstislavsky S.Cryopreservation, in vitro culture and transfer of preimplantation embryos in Dj ungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus). Reprod. Dom. Anim. 2015;50:677-683. DOI: 10.1111/rda.12564</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Driscoll C.A., Clutton-Brock J., Kitchener A.C., O’Brien S.J. The taming of the cat. Genetic and archaeological findings hint that wildcats became housecats earlier – and in a different place – than previously thought. Sci. Am. 2009;300:68-75.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Driscoll C.A., Clutton-Brock J., Kitchener A.C., O’Brien S.J. The taming of the cat. Genetic and archaeological findings hint that wildcats became housecats earlier – and in a different place – than previously thought. Sci. Am. 2009;300:68-75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elaimi A., Gardner K., Kistnareddy K., Harper J. The effect of GMCSF on development and aneuploidy in murine blastocysts. Hum. Reprod. 2012;27:1590-1595. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des108</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elaimi A., Gardner K., Kistnareddy K., Harper J. The effect of GMCSF on development and aneuploidy in murine blastocysts. Hum. Reprod. 2012;27:1590-1595. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des108</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erb G.E., Wynne-Edwards K.E. Preimplantation endocrinology in the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus campbelli): progesterone, estrogen, corpora lutea, and embryonic development. Biol. Reprod. 1993;49: Biol. Reprod. 1993;49: Reprod. 1993;49: 822-830. DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod49.4.822</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erb G.E., Wynne-Edwards K.E. Preimplantation endocrinology in the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus campbelli): progesterone, estrogen, corpora lutea, and embryonic development. Biol. Reprod. 1993; 49 822-8 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod49.4.822</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feoktistova N.Yu. Khomyachki Phodopus. Sistematika, filogeografiya, ekologiya, fiziologiya, povedenie, khimicheskaya kommunikatsiya [Hamsters of the genus Phodopus: systematics, phylogeography, ecology, physiology, behavior, and chemical communication]. Moscow, KMK, 2008. 414 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fickel J., Wagener A., Ludwig A. Semen cryopreservation and the conservation of endangered species. Eur. J. Wildl. Res. 2007;53: 81-89.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fickel J., Wagener A., Ludwig A. Semen cryopreservation and the conservation of endangered species. Eur. J. Wildl. Res. 2007;53: 81-89.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gregg J.K., Wynne-Edwards K.E. In uniparental Phodopus sungorus, new mothers, and fathers present during the birth of their offspring, are the only hamsters that readily consume fresh placenta. Dev. Psychobiol. 2006; 48:526-536. DOI: 10.1002/dev.20174</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gregg J.K., Wynne-Edwards K.E. In uniparental Phodopus sungorus, new mothers, and fathers present during the birth of their offspring, are the only hamsters that readily consume fresh placenta. Dev. Psychobiol. 2006;48:528-536. DOI: 10.1002/dev.20174</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Griffin B., Baker H.J. Domestic cats as laboratory animals. Laboratory Animal Medicine. N.Y.: Acad. Press, 2002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Griffin B., Baker H.J. Domestic cats as laboratory animals. Laboratory Animal Medicine. N.Y.: Acad. Press, 2002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Landel C.P. Archiving mouse strains by cryopreservation. Lab. Anim. 2005;34:50-57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Landel C.P. Archiving mouse strains by cryopreservation. Lab. Anim. 2005;34:50-57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mazur P., Leibo S.P., Seidel G.E.Jr. Cryopreservation of the germplasm of animals used in biological and medical research: importance, impact, status, and future directions. Biol. Reprod. 2008;78:2-12. DOI: 10.1095/ biolreprod.107.064113</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazur P., Leibo S.P., Seidel G.E.Jr. Cryopreservation of the germplasm of animals used in biological and medical research: importance, impact, status, and future directions. Biol. Reprod. 2008;78:2-12. DOI:  10.1095/biolreprod.107.064113</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miyoshi K., Abeydeera L.R., Okuda K., Niwa K. Effects of osmolarity and amino acids in a chemically defined medium on development of rat one-cell embryos. J. Reprod. Fertil. 1995;103:27-32. DOI: 10.1530/jrf.0.1030027</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miyoshi K., Abeydeera L.R., Okuda K., Niwa K. Effects of osmolarity and amino acids in a chemically defined medium on development of rat one-cell embryos. J. Reprod. Fertil. 1995;103:27-32. DOI: 10.1530/jrf.0.1030027</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nieder G.L., Caprio T.L. Early embryo development in the Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus). Mol. Reprod. Dev. 1990;27:224-229.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nieder G.L., Caprio T.L. Early embryo development in the Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus). Mol. Reprod. Dev. 1990;27:224-229. 1990;27:224-229.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pukazhenthi B.S., Neubauer K., Jewgenow K., Howard J., Wildt D.E. The impact and potential etiology of teratospermia in the domestic cat and its wild relatives. Theriogenology. 2006;66:112-121. DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.03.020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pukazhenthi B.S., Neubauer K., Jewgenow K., Howard J., Wildt D.E. The impact and potential etiology of teratospermia in the domestic cat and its wild relatives. Theriogenology. 2006;66:112-121. DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.03.020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rall W.F., Schmidt P.M., Lin X., Brown S.S., Ward A.C., Hansen C.T. Factors affecting the efficiency of embryo cryopreservation and rederivation of rat and mouse models. ILAR J. 2000;41:221-227. DOI: 10.1093/ilar.41.4.221</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rall W.F., Schmidt P.M., Lin X., Brown S.S., Ward A.C., Hansen C.T. Factors affecting the efficiency of embryo cryopreservation and rederivation of rat and mouse models. ILAR J. 2000;41:221-227. DOI: 10.1093/ilar.41.4.221</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robertson S.A., Sjцblom C., Jasper M.J., Norman R.J., Seamark R.F. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promotes glucose transport and blastomere viability in murine preimplantation embryos. Biol. Reprod. 2001;64:1206-1215. DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod 64.4.1206</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robertson S.A., Sjцblom C., Jasper M.J., Norman R.J., Seamark R.F. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promotes glucose transport and blastomere viability in murine preimplantation embryos. Biol. Reprod. 2001;64:1206-1215. DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod64.4.1206</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saragusty J., Arav A. Current progress in oocyte and embryo cryopreservation by slow freezing and vitrification. Reproduction. 2011; 141:1-19. DOI: 10.1530/REP-10-0236</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saragusty J., Arav A. Current progress in oocyte and embryo cryopreservation by slow freezing and vitrification. Reproduction. 2011; 141:1-19. DOI: 10.1530/REP-10-0236</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schini S.A., Bavister B.D. Two-cell block to development of cultured hamster embryos is caused by phosphate and glucose. Biol. Reprod. 1988;39:1183-1192. DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod39.5.1183</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schini S.A., Bavister B.D. Two-cell block to development of cultured hamster embryos is caused by phosphate and glucose. Biol. Reprod. 1988;39:1183-1192. DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod39.5.1183</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steinlechner S., Stieglitz A., Ruf T. Djungarian hamsters: a species with a labile circadian pacemaker? Arrhythmicity under a light-dark cycle induced by short light pulses. J. Biol. Rhythms. 2002;17:248-258. DOI: 10.1177/074873040201700308</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steinlechner S., Stieglitz A., Ruf T. Djungarian hamsters: a species with a labile circadian pacemaker? Arrhythmicity under a light-dark cycle induced by short light pulses. J. Biol. Rhythms. 2002;17:248-258. DOI: 10.1177/074873040201700308</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yoshiki A., Ike F., Mekada K., Kitaura Y., Nakata H., Hiraiwa N., Mochida K., Ijuin M., Kadota M., Murakami A., Ogura A., Abe K., Moriwaki K., Obata Y. The mouse resources at the RIKEN BioResource center. Exp. Anim. 2009;58:85-96. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1538/expanim.58.85</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yoshiki A., Ike F., Mekada K., Kitaura Y., Nakata H., Hiraiwa N., Mochida K., Ijuin M., Kadota M., Murakami A., Ogura A., Abe K., Moriwaki K., Obata Y. The mouse resources at the RIKEN BioResource center. Exp. Anim. 2009;58:85-96. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1538/expanim.58.85</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ziebe S., Loft A., Povlsen B.B., Erb K., Agerholm I., Aasted M., Gabrielsen A., Hnida C., Zobel D.P., Munding B., Bendz S.H., Robertson S.A. A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in embryo culture medium for in vitro fertilization. Fertil. Steril. 2013;99: 1600-1609. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.12.043</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ziebe S., Loft A., Povlsen B.B., Erb K., Agerholm I., Aasted M., Gabrielsen A., Hnida C., Zobel D.P., Munding B., Bendz S.H., Robertson S.A. A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in embryo culture medium for in vitro fertilization. Fertil. Steril. 2013;99: 1600-1609. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.12.043</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
