vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-24-62vavilov-4237Research ArticleЭВОЛЮЦИЯ И ВИДООБРАЗОВАНИЕEVOLUTION AND SPECIATIONДождевые черви (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae): соответствие между внутривидовым генетическим разнообразием и плоидностьюEarthworm (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) intraspecific genetic variation and polyploidyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5604-5601ШеховцовС. В.ShekhovtsovS. V.

Новосибирск

Магадан

Novosibirsk

Magadan

shekhovtsov@bionet.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1341-585XДержинскийЕ. А.DerzhinskyYe. A.

Витебск

Vitebsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0871-9274ГоловановаЕ. В.GolovanovaE. V.

Омск

Omsk

Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Институт биологических проблем Севера Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Biological Problems of the North of the Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationВитебский государственный университет имени П.М. МашероваБеларусьVitebsk State University named after P.M. MasherovBelarusОмский государственный педагогический университетРоссияOmsk State Pedagogical UniversityRussian Federation202402092024285563570Copyright © Шеховцов С.В., Держинский Е.А., Голованова Е.В., 20242024Шеховцов С.В., Держинский Е.А., Голованова Е.В.Shekhovtsov S.V., Derzhinsky Y.A., Golovanova E.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4237

Дождевые черви известны своей сложной систематикой и разнообразным набором типов размножения, включая амфимиксис, самооплодотворение, партеногенез и некоторые другие способы, которые иногда могут сосуществовать в пределах одного вида. Более того, они демонстрируют значительное внутривидовое разнообразие кариотипов с уровнями плоидности от ди- до декаплоидных и выше, а также высокую генетическую изменчивость. В некоторых случаях один вид может сочетать большую морфологическую изменчивость, несколько рас с разной плоидностью и несколько филогенетических линий со значительными различиями как по ядерной, так и по митохондриальной ДНК. При этом соответствие между расами различной плоидности и генетическими линиями дождевых червей остается в значительной степени неисследованным. В связи с этим мы провели всесторонний обзор имеющихся данных о генетическом разнообразии и кариотипах дождевых червей. Наш анализ показал, что во многих случаях одна генетическая линия включает в себя популяции с разными уровнями плоидности, что указывает на недавнюю полиплоидизацию. С другой стороны, в некоторых случаях, как, например, Octolasion tyrtaeum и Dendrobaena schmidti/D. tellermanica, имеют место выраженные генетические границы между расами, что означает давнюю дивергенцию между ними. Некоторые таксоны, такие как комплекс Eisenia nordenskioldi, представляют собой множество давно дивергировавших филогенетических линий сo сложными родственными отношениями между ними и как древней, так и недавней полиплоидией. Сопоставление филогенетических и цитологических данных позволяет предположить, что некоторые полиплоидные расы независимо возникали несколько раз, что подтверждает выводы работы Т.С. Всеволодовой-Перель и Т.В. Малининой. Причиной такой сложной картины, вероятно, служит пластичность способов репродукции, которые включают в себя разнообразные виды полового и бесполого размножения; причем даже формы с высокой плоидностью могут размножаться амфимиктически.

Earthworms are known for their intricate systematics and a diverse range of reproduction modes, including outcrossing, self-fertilization, parthenogenesis, and some other modes, which can occasionally coexist in a single species. Moreover, they exhibit considerable intraspecific karyotype diversity, with ploidy levels varying from di- to decaploid, as well as high genetic variation. In some cases, a single species may exhibit significant morphological variation, contain several races of different ploidy, and harbor multiple genetic lineages that display significant divergence in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. However, the relationship between ploidy races and genetic lineages in earthworms remains largely unexplored. To address this question, we conducted a comprehensive review of available data on earthworm genetic diversity and karyotypes. Our analysis revealed that in many cases, a single genetic lineage appears to encompass populations with different ploidy levels, indicating recent polyploidization. On the other hand, some other cases like Octolasion tyrtaeum and Dendrobaena schmidti/D. tellermanica demonstrate pronounced genetic boundaries between ploidy races, implying that they diverged long ago. Certain cases like the Eisenia nordenskioldi complex represent a complex picture with ancient divergence between lineages and both ancient and recent polyploidization. The comparison of phylogenetic and cytological data suggests that some ploidy races have arisen independently multiple times, which supports the early findings by T.S. Vsevolodova-Perel and T.V. Malinina. The key to such a complex picture is probably the plasticity of reproductive modes in earthworms, which encompass diverse modes of sexual and asexual reproduction; also, it has been demonstrated that even high-ploidy forms can retain amphimixis.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.