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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-24-72</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-4294</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА ЧЕЛОВЕКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HUMAN GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генетические аспекты лактазной недостаточности у коренного населения Сибири</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic aspects of lactase deficiency in indigenous populations of Siberia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0304-0652</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малярчук</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malyarchuk</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магадан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Magadan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт биологических проблем Севера Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Biological Problems of the North of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>650</fpage><lpage>658</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Малярчук Б.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Малярчук Б.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Malyarchuk B.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4294">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4294</self-uri><abstract><p>Способность метаболизировать лактозу во взрослом состоянии связана с сохранением активности фермента лактазы. В европейских популяциях персистенция лактазы детерминируется главным образом наличием варианта rs4988235-T в гене MCM6, который увеличивает экспрессию гена LCT, кодирующего лактазу. Наиболее высокие показатели персистенции лактазы характерны для европейцев, а самые низкие – для населения Восточной Азии. Анализ опубликованных данных о распределении варианта rs4988235-C, связанного с гиполактазией, у населения Центральной Азии и Сибири выявил, что частота этого варианта увеличивается в северо-восточном направлении. В Центральной Азии частота этого аллеля составляет 87 %, на юге Сибири – 90.6 % и на северо-востоке Сибири – 92.9 %. Соответственно, в таком же географическом направлении убывает способность населения метаболизировать лактозу. Анализ палеогеномных данных показал, что более высокая частота аллеля rs4988235-T в популяциях Центральной Азии и Южной Сибири связана с распространением на восток древнего населения восточноевропейских степей начиная с эпохи бронзового века. Результаты анализа полиморфизма экзонов и прилегающих к ним интронов генов MCM6 и LCT у коренного населения Сибири свидетельствуют о возможности существования в восточноазиатских популяциях вариантов полиморфизма, потенциально связанных с метаболизмом лактозы. В популяциях Восточной Азии, в том числе в сибирских этнических группах, обнаружен участок гена MCM6 длиной ~26.5 тыс. пар нуклеотидов, включающий комбинацию аллелей rs4988285-A, rs2070069-G, rs3087353-T, rs2070068-A. Локусы rs4988285 и rs2070069 находятся в области энхансера, регулирующего активность гена LCT. Анализ палеогеномных последовательностей показал, что указанной выше комбинацией аллелей гена MCM6 характеризуются геномы денисовцев и неандертальцев. Таким образом, обнаруженный гаплотип, по всей видимости, является архаичным. Он мог быть унаследован от общего предка современных людей, неандертальцев и денисовцев, или же был приобретен в результате гибридизации с денисовцами или неандертальцами. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о возможной функциональной значимости архаичных вариантов полиморфизма гена MCM6. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The ability to metabolize lactose in adulthood is associated with the persistence of lactase enzyme activity. In European populations, lactase persistence is determined mainly by the presence of the rs4988235-T variant in the MCM6 gene, which increases the expression of the LCT gene, encoding lactase. The highest rates of lactase persistence are characteristic of Europeans, and the lowest rates are found in East Asian populations. Analysis of published data on the distribution of the hypolactasia-associated variant rs4988235-C in the populations of Central Asia and Siberia showed that the frequency of this variant increases in the northeastern direction. The frequency of this allele is 87 % in Central Asia, 90.6 % in Southern Siberia, and 92.9 % in Northeastern Siberia. Consequently, the ability of the population to metabolize lactose decreases in the same geographical direction. The analysis of paleogenomic data has shown that the higher frequency of the rs4988235-T allele in populations of Central Asia and Southern Siberia is associated with the eastward spread of ancient populations of the Eastern European steppes, starting from the Bronze Age. The results of polymorphism analysis of exons and adjacent introns of the MCM6 and LCT genes in indigenous populations of Siberia indicate the possibility that polymorphic variants may potentially be related to lactose metabolism exist in East Asian populations. In East Asian populations, including Siberian ethnic groups, a ~26.5 thousand nucleotide pairs long region of the MCM6 gene, including a combination of the rs4988285-A, rs2070069-G, rs3087353-T, and rs2070068-A alleles, was found. The rs4988285 and rs2070069 loci are located in the enhancer region that regulates the activity of the LCT gene. Analysis of paleogenomic sequences showed that the genomes of Denisovans and Neanderthals are characterized by the above combination of alleles of the MCM6 gene. Thus, the haplotype discovered appears to be archaic. It could have been inherited from a common ancestor of modern humans, Neanderthals, and Denisovans, or it could have been acquired by hybridization with Denisovans or Neanderthals. The data obtained indicate a possible functional significance of archaic variants of the MCM6 gene. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генетический полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>персистенция лактазы</kwd><kwd>ген MCM6</kwd><kwd>ген LCT</kwd><kwd>популяции человека</kwd><kwd>Сибирь</kwd><kwd>архаичные варианты полиморфизма</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>genetic polymorphism</kwd><kwd>lactase persistence</kwd><kwd>MCM6 gene</kwd><kwd>LCT gene</kwd><kwd>human populations</kwd><kwd>Siberia</kwd><kwd>archaic variants of polymorphism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anguita-Ruiz A., Aguilera C.M., Gil Á. Genetics of lactose intolerance: an updated review and online interactive world maps of phenotype and genotype frequencies. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2689. 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