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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-24-73</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-4295</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА ЧЕЛОВЕКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HUMAN GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Следы палеолитической экспансии в генофонде нивхов по данным о полиморфизме аутосомных SNP и Y-хромосомы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Traces of Paleolithic expansion in the Nivkh gene pool based on data on autosomal SNP and Y chromosome polymorphism</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1679-2212</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харьков</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharkov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladimir.kharkov@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8855-577X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесников</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnikov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валихова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Valikhova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-6339</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зарубин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zarubin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2079-0148</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухомясова</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhomyasova</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Якутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yakutsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6684-6020</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хитринская</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khitrinskaya</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-331X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской генетики, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М.К. Аммосова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>659</fpage><lpage>666</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Харьков В.Н., Колесников Н.А., Валихова Л.В., Зарубин А.А., Сухомясова А.Л., Хитринская И.Ю., Степанов В.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Харьков В.Н., Колесников Н.А., Валихова Л.В., Зарубин А.А., Сухомясова А.Л., Хитринская И.Ю., Степанов В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kharkov V.N., Kolesnikov N.A., Valikhova L.V., Zarubin A.A., Sukhomyasova A.L., Khitrinskaya I.Y., Stepanov V.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4295">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4295</self-uri><abstract><p>Нивхи – малочисленный коренной народ Дальнего Востока, проживающий на территории Хабаровского края и острова Сахалин, который относится к потомкам древнего населения этих территорий. У нивхов преобладает специфичный сахалино-амурский антропологический тип. Они являются достаточно обособленными за счет длительной изоляции от контактов с другими народами. Генофонд нивхов охарактеризован по полногеномной панели аутосомных однонуклеотидных полиморфных маркеров и гаплогруппам Y-хромосомы в сравнении с другими дальневосточными и сибирскими популяциями. Биоинформатическая обработка частот аутосомных SNP, гаплогрупп Y-хромосомы и YSTR-гаплотипов показала, что генофонд нивхов существенно отличается от генофондов других популяций. При анализе частот SNP методом PCA дальневосточные популяции располагаются в полном соответствии с территориями их проживания и делятся на северную группу чукчей и коряков и южную, включающую нивхов и удэгейцев. Удаленность нивхов совпадает с их географической локализацией, при этом нивхи и удэгейцы демонстрируют наибольшее родство. У нивхов выделяется специфичный для них компонент генофонда, который с гораздо меньшей частотой присутствует у удэгейцев и забайкальских эвенков и бурятов-А. По IBD-блокам генотипы нивхов демонстрируют очень небольшую долю совпадения с удэгейцами, коряками, эвенками и чукчами, значение которых является самым низким по сравнению с IBD-блокам между другими сибирскими популяциями. Показан специфичный для нивхов состав гаплогрупп и YSTRгаплотипов. Гаплогруппа C2a1 у нивхов разделена на три сублинии, которые имеют достаточно древнее происхождение и связаны с предками современных северных монголоидов. Нивхская гаплогруппа O2a1b1a2a-F238 есть у жителей Китая и Мьянмы. Линия Q1a1a1-M120 в исследованных в данной работе выборках представлена у нивхов, коряков, эвенков и юкагиров. Филогенетический анализ отдельных Y-хромосомных гаплогрупп демонстрирует близость генофонда нивхов с коряками и тунгусскими народами, а также родство в меньшей степени с древним населением Приамурья и Приохотья и населением Юго-Восточной Азии. Генофонд нивхов подтверждает относительную малочисленность их предковой группы без смешения с другими популяциями. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The Nivkhs are a small ethnic group indigenous of the Russian Far East, living in the Khabarovsk Territory and on Sakhalin Island, descending from the ancient inhabitants of these territories. In the Nivkhs, a specific Sakhalin-Amur anthropological type is prevalent. They are quite isolated, due to long isolation from contacts with other peoples. The gene pool of the Nivkhs and other Far Eastern and Siberian populations was characterized using a genome-wide panel of autosomal single-nucleotide polymorphic markers and Y chromosome haplogroups. Bioinformatic processing of frequencies of autosomal SNPs, Y chromosome haplogroups and YSTR haplotypes showed that the Nivkh gene pool is very different from the other populations’. Analysis of the SNP frequencies using the PCA method divided the Far Eastern populations in full accordance with the territories of their residence into the northern group of the Chukchi and Koryaks and the southern group, including the Nivkhs and Udege. The remoteness of the Nivkhs coincides with their geographic localization, with the Nivkhs and Udege demonstrating the greatest kinship. The Nivkhs have a specific component of their gene pool, which is present with much less frequency in the Udege and Transbaikal Evenks. According to the IBD blocks, the genotypes of the Nivkhs show a very small percentage of coincidence with the Udege, Koryaks, Evenks and Chukchi, the value of which is the lowest compared to the IBD blocks among all other Siberian populations. The Nivkh-specific composition of haplogroups and YSTR haplotypes was shown. In the Nivkhs, the C2a1 haplogroup is divided into three sublines, which have a fairly ancient origin and are associated with the ancestors of modern northern Mongoloids. The Nivkh haplogroup O2a1b1a2a-F238 is found among residents of China and Myanmar. The Q1a1a1-M120 line is represented among the Nivkhs, Koryaks, Evenks and Yukaghirs. Phylogenetic analysis of individual Y chromosomal haplogroups demonstrated the closeness of the Nivkh gene pool with the ancient population of the Amur and Okhotsk regions, the Koryaks, the Tungus peoples and the population of Southeast Asia. The Nivkh gene pool confirms the relative smallness of their ancestral groups without mixing with other populations. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генофонд</kwd><kwd>популяции человека</kwd><kwd>генетическое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>генетические компоненты</kwd><kwd>Y-хромосома</kwd><kwd>нивхи</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gene pool</kwd><kwd>human populations</kwd><kwd>genetic diversity</kwd><kwd>genetic components</kwd><kwd>Y chromosome</kwd><kwd>Nivkhs</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alexander D.H., Lange K. Enhancements to the ADMIXTURE algorithm for individual ancestry estimation. BMC Bioinform. 2011;12: 246. DOI 10.1186/1471-2105-12-246</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexander D.H., Lange K. Enhancements to the ADMIXTURE algorithm for individual ancestry estimation. BMC Bioinform. 2011;12: 246. 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