vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ15.057vavilov-432Research ArticleФИЛОГЕНЕТИКАHIGH-THROUGHPUT PHENOTYPINGМагнитно-резонансная спектроскопия нейрометаболитов в гиппокампе у агрессивных и ручных самцов крысProton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of neurometabo­lites in the hippocampi of aggressive and tame male ratsГулевичР. Г.GulevichR. G.gulevich@bionet.nsc.ruАкуловА. Е.AkulovA. E.akulov_ae@ngs.ruШихевичС. Г.ShikhevichS. G.КожемякинаР. В.KozhemyakinaR. V.ПлюснинаИ. З.PlyusninaI. Z.Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, РоссияРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, RussiaRussian Federation201501122015194432438Copyright © Гулевич Р.Г., Акулов А.Е., Шихевич С.Г., Кожемякина Р.В., Плюснина И.З., 20152015Гулевич Р.Г., Акулов А.Е., Шихевич С.Г., Кожемякина Р.В., Плюснина И.З.Gulevich R.G., Akulov A.E., Shikhevich S.G., Kozhemyakina R.V., Plyusnina I.Z.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/432

Методом 1Н магнитно-резонансной спектроскопии исследовали спектр основных метаболитов в дорзальной области гиппокампа у взрослых самцов крыс после длительного отбора на усиление и отсутствие агрессивно-оборонительных реакций по отношению к человеку, а также у неселекционируемых крыс, разводимых в условиях вивария. Показано, что у ручных и неселекционированных самцов проценты всех исследуемых нейрометаболитов (от общего количества) достоверно не отличаются, тогда как по отдельным метаболитам найдены различия между агрессивными и ручными или между агрессивными и неселекционированными животными. У ручных самцов процент ГАМК, N-ацетиласпартата и компонентов, содержащих холин, выше, а фосфорилэтаноламина, наоборот, ниже, чем у агрессивных. Возможно, у ручных крыс из-за повышенного содержания ГАМК, одного из основных тормозных нейромедиаторов мозга, понижена интенсивность процесса возбуждения, в отличие от агрессивных. У агрессивных животных процент глутамина, аспартата, фосфорилэтаноамина и лактата выше, а NAA и креатинина с фосфокреатинином, наоборот, ниже, чем у неселекционированных. Повышенный процент аспартата, одного из основных трансмиттеров возбуждения в мозге, у агрессивных крыс также может способствовать более интенсивному процессу возбуждения, по сравнению с неселекционированными, в то время как более высокий уровень глутамина у крыс с агрессивным поведением относительно неселекционированных может быть показателем метаболического нарушения в цикле глутамат–глутамин, связывающем нейрональные и глиальные клетки, а также понижения активности глутаминазы, расщепляющей глутамин до глутаминовой кислоты (предшественника ГАМК) и аммиака. Понижение процента NAA наряду с повышением процента глутамина у агрессивных крыс может свидетельствовать об ухудшении энергетического метаболизма относительно неселекционированных животных. Найденные различия по содержанию нейрометаболитов в гиппокампе у неселекционированных и длительно селекционированных на агрессивное поведение крыс позволяют предполагать существование различных нейробиологических механизмов проявления агрессивности у этих животных.

Proportions of major neurometabolites with regard to their total amount in the dorsal region of the hippocampus were studied in adult male rats of populations selected for long for increase and absence of aggressivefearful response to humans and in unselected vivarium- kept rats by 1H magnetic resonance spectrometry. Tame and unselected males showed no significant differences in the proportions of any neurometabolites studied. Differences in the proportions of some neurometabolites were found in aggressive vs. tame and in aggressive vs. unselected animals. Tame animals showed higher pro­portions of GABA, N-acetylaspartate (NAA), and choline derivatives and a lower proportion of phosphoryl­ethanolamine than aggressive ones. It is likely that the elevated content of GABA, one of the main inhibitory neurotransmitters in the brain, lowers excita­tion intensity in tame pups in comparison to aggressive ones. In comparison to unselected animals, aggressive rats demonstrated higher proportions of glutamine, aspartate, phosphorylethanolamine, and lactate and lower proportions of NAA and creatinine+ phosphocreatinine. Aspartate is one of the main excitement transmitter, and its elevated proportion in the brain of aggressive rats may favor more intense excitation than in unselected rats. In contrast, the elevated proportion of glutamine in aggressive rats vs. tame rats may be indicative of (1) a metabolic disturbance in the glutamate–glutamine cycle, which links neural and glial cells, and (2) decrease in the activity of glutaminase, the enzyme converting glutamine to glutamate (GABA precursor). The reduced NAA proportion together with the elevated proportion of glutamine in aggressive rats point to impaired energy metabolism in comparison to unselected animals. The differences in neurometabolite patterns between hippocampi of male rats of the unselec­ted and aggressive populations suggest the existence of different neurobiological mechanisms governing aggression manifestation.

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