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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-24-81</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-4346</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНОМИКА И ТРАНСКРИПТОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PLANT GENETICS AND BREEDING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Потенциал коллекции амаранта ВИР в свете мировых тенденций использования и селекции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The potential of the amaranth collection maintained at VIR in the context of global plant breeding and utilization trends</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9967-7454</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколова</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolova</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dianasokol@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6201-4294</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьева</surname><given-names>А. E.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solovieva</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3141-4379</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зарецкий</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaretsky</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3992-5353</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шеленга</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shelenga</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр, Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>731</fpage><lpage>743</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Соколова Д.В., Соловьева А.E., Зарецкий А.М., Шеленга Т.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Соколова Д.В., Соловьева А.E., Зарецкий А.М., Шеленга Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sokolova D.V., Solovieva A.E., Zaretsky A.M., Shelenga T.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4346">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4346</self-uri><abstract><p>Амарант - древняя культура семейства Амарантовые (Amaranthaceae). Для России это достаточно новая сельскохозяйственная культура. В семенах и листовой биомассе содержатся высококачественный безглютеновый белок, жирные кислоты, полиненасыщенный углеводород сквален, флавоноиды, витамины и минералы. Комплексное изучение амаранта, развитие его селекции и создание новых сортов являются крайне важным направлением для решения проблемы повышения качества пищевой продукции путем использования растительного сырья, обогащенного полезными и высокопитательными компонентами. На сегодняшний день основными методами селекционной работы с амарантом остаются отбор и гибридизация. Методы мутационной селекции и полиплоидии были успешно использованы для увеличения урожайности семян и содержания белка. С помощью генов, кодирующих белки амаранта, созданы трансгенные растения картофеля, мягкой пшеницы и кукурузы. Несмотря на большой потенциал амаранта, изучению его геномики посвящено не много исследова- ний, направленных главным образом на идентификацию видового разнообразия. В направления селекционной работы с амарантом входят такие признаки, как «крупность и неосыпаемость семян», «низкорослость», «скороспелость», «высокая урожайность», «холодостойкость», «синхронность созревания», «устойчивость к вредителям и болезням», «высокая питательная ценность»: содержание и качество белка, липидов, сквалена, биологически активных соединений. Уникальная коллекция амаранта Всероссийского института генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР) включает 570 образцов из различных стран мира. На протяжении 70 лет она пополнялась местными, селекционными сортами и дикими видами за счет экспедиций, поступлений из научноисследовательских институтов, ботанических садов, генбанков и опытных селекционных станций всего мира. В результате многолетнего изучения были сформированы признаковые группы образцов с высокой урожайностью семян и листовой биомассы, скороспелые и холодостойкие, с повышенным содержанием белка в семенах и биомассе, низкорослые, устойчивые к осыпанию семян, овощного и декоративного направления использования. Сохраняемый в ВИР генофонд амаранта способен предоставлять неограниченные возможности для селекции и восполнять нужды населения страны, обогащая питательный рацион продуктами из этой здоровой и полезной культуры.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Amaranth is an ancient crop of the family Amaranthaceae, but it is fairly new to Russia. Its seeds and leaf biomass contain a high-quality gluten-free protein, fatty acids, squalene (a polyunsaturated hydrocarbon), flavonoids, vitamins, and minerals. A comprehensive study of amaranth, enhancement of its breeding, and development of new cultivars will contribute to food quality improvement through the use of plant raw materials enriched for wholesome and highly nutritious components. At present, selection and hybridization still remain the main amaranth breeding techniques. Meanwhile, mutation breeding and polyploidy have been successfully employed to increase its seed yield and protein content. The genes encoding amaranth proteins have been used to produce transgenic plants of potato, bread wheat, and maize. Despite the great potential of amaranth, little research has been dedicated to the study of its genomics, concentrating mainly on the identification of its species diversity. Targets of breeding practice for amaranth include such characteristics as large size and nonshattering of seeds, short stem, earliness, high yield, cold hardiness, synchronized maturation, resistance to pests and diseases, and high nutritional value, including the content and quality of protein, lipids, squalene, and bioactive compounds. A unique collection of amaranth maintained at the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) currently incorporates 570 accessions from various countries. For 70 years it has been replenished with local varieties, commercial cultivars, and wild species supplied by collecting missions, research centers, botanical gardens, genebanks, and experimental breeding stations from all over the world. Long-standing studies have resulted in the formation of trait-specific groups of accessions, with high yields of seeds and leaf biomass, earliness, cold hardiness, high protein content in seeds and biomass, short stems, and resistance to seed shattering, earmarked for vegetable or ornamental purposes. The gene pool of amaranth preserved at VIR can provide unlimited opportunities for breeding and meet the needs of the country’s population, enriching the human diet with ingredients produced from such a health-friendly and useful crop.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Amaranthus L.</kwd><kwd>ценные признаки</kwd><kwd>направления селекции</kwd><kwd>видовое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>коллекция амаранта ВИР</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Amaranthus L.</kwd><kwd>valuable traits</kwd><kwd>breeding trends</kwd><kwd>species diversity</kwd><kwd>VIR’s amaranth collection</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation under Project No. 24-26-00218 (Interaction of Phenotypic and Biochemical Characteristics of Grain Amaranth with Squalene Content in Seeds under the Conditions of the Northwest of the Russian Federation).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abbasi D., Rouzbehan Y., Rezaei J. 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