<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ15.065</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-440</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПАТОЛОГИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MODELING OF DISORDERS AND EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мышь линии SCID как модельное животное для оценки эффективности препаратов против натуральной оспы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Possibility of using a mouse SCID as a model animal to variola virus for evaluating anti-smallpox drug efficacy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титова</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Titova</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">titova_ka@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеев</surname><given-names>Ал. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeev</surname><given-names>Al. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">aasergeev@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кабанов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kabanov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булычев</surname><given-names>Л. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulychev</surname><given-names>L. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеев</surname><given-names>Ар. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeev</surname><given-names>Ar. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбатовская</surname><given-names>Д. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galahova</surname><given-names>D. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Замедянская</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zamedyanskaya</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишкина</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishkina</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таранов</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Taranov</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Омигов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Omigov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Завьялов</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zavjalov</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агафонов</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Agafonov</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное бюджетное учреждение науки Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор», р.п. Кольцово, Новосибирская область, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Budget Research Institution «State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Novosibirsk region,&#13;
Koltsovo, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>487</fpage><lpage>493</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Титова К.А., Сергеев А.А., Кабанов А.С., Булычев Л.Е., Сергеев А.А., Горбатовская Д.О., Замедянская А.С., Шишкина Л.Н., Таранов О.С., Омигов В.В., Завьялов Е.Л., Агафонов А.П., Сергеев А.Н., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Титова К.А., Сергеев А.А., Кабанов А.С., Булычев Л.Е., Сергеев А.А., Горбатовская Д.О., Замедянская А.С., Шишкина Л.Н., Таранов О.С., Омигов В.В., Завьялов Е.Л., Агафонов А.П., Сергеев А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Titova K.A., Sergeev A.A., Kabanov A.S., Bulychev L.E., Sergeev A.A., Galahova D.O., Zamedyanskaya A.S., Shishkina L.N., Taranov O.S., Omigov V.V., Zavjalov E.L., Agafonov A.P., Sergeev A.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/440">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/440</self-uri><abstract><p>При профилактике и лечении многих инфекционных заболеваний необходимо принимать во внимание ослабление иммунной системы пациентов. Поэтому возникает потребность в моделиро­вании инфекций, в частности натуральной оспы, на иммунодефицитных организмах. Для решения данной задачи исследо­вана возможность использования аутбредных мышей иммунодефи­цитной линии SCID в качестве модельного объекта. При интраназальном заражении вирусом натуральной оспы (ВНО) этих мышей в дозе 5,2 log10 БОЕ (бляшкообразующая единица) не было обнаружено клинических признаков заболевания. При этом 50 %-я инфицирующая доза (ИД50) ВНО для животных, оцениваемая по регистрации наличия вируса в их легких через 4 сут после заражения, была равна 3,5 log10 БОЕ и была относительно близка к таковой у человека, теоретически определенной путем выявления клинической картины заболевания. У мышей, интраназально зараженных дозой 5,2 log10 БОЕ (50 ИД50) ВНО, было обнаружено размножение вируса только в органах респира­торного тракта. Величины его концентраций в легких и носу напоминали таковые у больных людей и известных модельных животных (Macaca cynomolgus и мышь ICR), респираторно инфицированных близкими дозами ВНО. Причем существу­ю­щие модельные животные значимо не отличались от мышей SCID по длительности присутствия вируса в легких. У мышей SCID, как и у человека и других модельных животных, были зарегистрированы сходные патоморфологические изменения в органах респираторного тракта воспалительно-некротического характера. Использование мышей SCID при оценке профилактической эффективности препаратов НИОХ-14 и ST-246 продемонстрировало адекватность полученных результатов таковым, описанным в научной литературе. Данное обстоятельство открывает перспективу применения мышей линии SCID в качестве экспериментальных объектов для моделирования натуральной оспы с целью разработки противовирусных препаратов, предназначенных для людей с выраженными иммунодепрессивными состояниями.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>At present, there is no animal model for smallpox that reflects the weakened immune system in people and can therefore help assess the prophylactic (highly preventive) efficiency of antiviral drugs. To fill in the gap, we have explored the possibility of using outbred immunodeficient SCID mice as a model animal for smallpox with the aid of virolo­gical, histological and electron microscopic and sta­tistical methods. There was no clinical evidence of disease by intranasal infection of mice at a dose of 5.2 log10 PFU (plaque forming units). At the same time, the 50 % infective dose (ID50) of VARV estimated for animals by registering the presence of the virus in their lungs after 4 days post i.n. infection was 3.5 log10 PFU and was relatively similar to that in humans, theoretically determined by identification of the clinical picture of the disease. Virus replication was detected only in the respiratory organs of mice challenged i.n. with VARV at a dose of 5.2 log10 PFU (50 ID50). The values for its concentrations in the lungs and nose resembled those for affected people and well-known animal models (Macaca cynomolgus and ICR mice), respiratorily infected with VARV at similar doses. The existing model animals were not significantly different from SCID mice in the duration of viral presence in the lungs. Moreover, in SCID mice, as in humans and other animal models, similar pathomor- phological changes of inflammatory necrotic nature in the respiratory organs have been reported. Using SCID mice in assessing the prophylactic efficacy of the antiviral drugs NIOCH-14 and ST-246 demonstrated the adequacy of the results obtained to those described in the literature. This opens up the prospect of using SCID mice as an animal model for smallpox to develop antiviral drugs intended for people with severe immuno­suppressive states.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус натуральной оспы</kwd><kwd>мышь SCID</kwd><kwd>модельное животное</kwd><kwd>интраназальное инфицирование</kwd><kwd>50 %-я инфицирующая доза</kwd><kwd>диссеминация вируса</kwd><kwd>патоморфологическое изменение</kwd><kwd>профилактическая эффективность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>variola virus</kwd><kwd>SCID mouse</kwd><kwd>animal model</kwd><kwd>intranasal infection</kwd><kwd>50 % infectious dose</kwd><kwd>dissemination of the virus</kwd><kwd>pathological damage</kwd><kwd>prophylactic efficacy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>ФБУН ГНЦ ВБ «Вектор», Роспотребнадзора</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Закс Л. Статистическое оценивание. M., 1976.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bailey T.R., Rippin S.R., Opsitnick E., Burns C.J., Pevear D.C., Collett M.S., Rhodes G., Tohan S., Huggins J.W., Baker R.O., Kern E.R., Keith K.A., Dai D., Yang G., Hruby D., Jordan R. N-(3,3a,4,4a,5, 5a,6,6a-Octahydro-1,3-dioxo-4,6-ethenocycloprop[f]isoindol-2-(1H)-yl)carboxamides: identification of novel orthopoxvirus egress inhibitors. J. Med. Chem. 2007;50(7):1442-1444.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Капцова Т.И. Разработка экспериментальных моделей натуральной оспы. Дис. канд. мед. наук. М., 1967.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belizário J.E. Immunodeficient mouse models: An overview. Open Immunol. J. 2009;2:79-85.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сергеев Ар.А., Кабанов А.С., Булычев Л.Е., Сергеев Ал.А., Тара­нов О.С., Титова К.А., Пьянков О.В. Замедянская А.С., Горбатовская Д.О., Агафонов А.П., Сергеев А.Н., Шишкина Л.Н. Способ оценки активности лечебно-профилактических препаратов против вируса натуральной оспы. Патент РФ № 2522483. Бюл. № 20 от 20.07.14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cann J.A., Jahrling P.B., Hensley L.E., Wahl-Jensen V. Comparative pathology of smallpox and monkeypox in man and macaques. J. Comp. Path. 2013;148:6-21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шишкина Л.Н., Сергеев А.Н., Агафонов А.П., Сергеев А.А., Кабанов А.С., Булычев Л.Е., Сергеев А.А., Горбатовская Д.О., Пьянков О.В., Борматов Н.И., Щукин Г.И., Селиванов Б.А., Тихо­нов А.Я. Лечебно-профилактическое средство против вируса натуральной оспы и способы его получения и применения. Патент РФ № 2543338. Бюл. № 6 от 27.02.15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hahon N., Wilson B.J. Pathogenesis of variola in Macaca irus monkeys. Amer. J. Hyg. 1960;71:69-80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bailey T.R., Rippin S.R., Opsitnick E., Burns C.J., Pevear D.C., Collett M.S., Rhodes G., Tohan S., Huggins J.W., Baker R.O., Kern E.R., Keith K.A., Dai D., Yang G., Hruby D., Jordan R. N-(3,3a,4,4a,5, 5a,6,6a-Octahydro-1,3-dioxo-4,6-ethenocycloprop[f]isoindol-2(1H)-yl)carboxamides: identification of novel orthopoxvirus egress inhibitors. J. Med. Chem. 2007;50(7):1442-1444.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huggins J., Goff A., Hensley L., Mucker E., Shamblin J., Wlazlowski C., Johnson W., Chapman J., Larsen T., Twenhafel N., Karem K., Damon I.K., Byrd C.M., Bolken T.C., Jordan R., Hruby D. Nonhuman primates are protected from smallpox virus or monkeypox virus challenges by the antiviral drug ST-246. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2009;53(6):2620-2625.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belizário J.E. Immunodeficient mouse models: An overview. Open Immunol. J. 2009;2:79-85.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jahrling P.B., Hensley L.E., Martinez M.J., LeDuc J.W., Rubins K.H., Relman D.A., Huggins J.W. Exploring the potential of variola virus infection of cynomolgus macaques as a model for human smallpox. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 2004;101(Iss. 42):15197-15200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cann J.A., Jahrling P.B., Hensley L.E., Wahl-Jensen V. Comparative pathology of smallpox and monkeypox in man and macaques. J. Comp. Path. 2013;148:6-21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaptsova, T.I. Razrabotka eksperimental’nykh modeley natural’noy ospy. Diss. cand. med. nauk [The development of experimental models for smallpox. Ph. D. med. sci. diss.]. Moscow, 1967.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hahon N., Wilson B.J. Pathogenesis of variola in Macaca irus monkeys. Amer. J. Hyg. 1960;71:69-80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leparc-Goffart I., Poirier B., Garin D., Tissier M.-H., Fuchs F., Crance J.-M. Standartization of a neutralizing anti-vaccinia antibodies titration method: an essential step for titration of vaccinia immunoglobulins and smallpox vaccines evaluation. J. Clin. Virol. 2005; 32:47-52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huggins J., Goff A., Hensley L., Mucker E., Shamblin J., Wlazlowski C., Johnson W., Chapman J., Larsen T., Twenhafel N., Karem K., Damon I.K., Byrd C.M., Bolken T.C., Jordan R., Hruby D. Non-human primates are protected from smallpox virus or monkeypox virus challenges by the antiviral drug ST-246. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2009;53(6):2620-2625.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marennikova S.S., Shchelkunov S.N. Orthopoxviruses Pathogenic for Humans. Springer: N.Y., USA, 2005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jahrling P.B., Hensley L.E., Martinez M.J., LeDuc J.W., Rubins K.H., Relman D.A., Huggins J.W. Exploring the potential of variola virus infection of cynomolgus macaques as a model for human smallpox. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 2004;101(Iss. 42):15197-15200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mayr A., Herrlich A. Zuchting des Variolavirus in der infantilen Maus. Arch. Ges. Virusforsch. 1960;10(2):226-235.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leparc-Goffart I., Poirier B., Garin D., Tissier M.-H., Fuchs F., Cran­ce J.-M. Standartization of a neutralizing anti-vaccinia antibodies titration method: an essential step for titration of vaccinia immunoglobulins and smallpox vaccines evaluation. J. Clin. Virol. 2005; 32:47-52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mucker E.M., Goff A.J., Shamblin J.D., Grosenbach D.W., Damon I.K., Mehal J.M., Holman R.C., Carroll D., Gallardo N., Olson V.A., Clemmons C.J., Hudson P., Hruby D.E. Efficacy of Tecovirimat (ST-246) in nonhuman primates infected with variola virus (smallpox). Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2013;57(Iss. 12):6246-6253.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marennikova S.S., Shchelkunov S.N. Orthopoxviruses Pathogenic for Humans. Springer: N.Y., USA, 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murti B.R., Shrivastav J.B. A study biological behavior of variola virus. II. Experimental inoculation of laboratory animals. Indian J. Med. Sci. 1957;11(Iss. 8):580-587.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mayr A., Herrlich A. Zuchting des Variolavirus in der infantilen Maus. Arch. Ges. Virusforsch. 1960;10(2):226-235.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National research Council: Guidelines on laboratory animal care and use, 8th ed. National research Council of the National Academies, Washington: The National Academies Press, 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mucker E.M., Goff A.J., Shamblin J.D., Grosenbach D.W., Damon I.K., Mehal J.M., Holman R.C., Carroll D., Gallardo N., Olson V.A., Clemmons C.J., Hudson P., Hruby D.E. Efficacy of Tecovirimat (ST246) in nonhuman primates infected with variola virus (smallpox). Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2013;57(Iss. 12):6246-6253.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarkar J.K., Mitra A.C., Mukherjee M.K., De S.K., Guha Mazumdar D. Virus excretion in smallpox. I. Excretion in the throat, urine and conjunctive of patients. Bull. WHO. 1973;48:517-522.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murti B.R., Shrivastav J.B. A study biological behavior of variola virus. II. Experimental inoculation of laboratory animals. Indian J. Med. Sci. 1957;11(Iss. 8):580-587.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sergeev A.А., Kabanov A.S., Bulychev L.E., Sergeev A.A., Pyankov O.V., Bodnev S.A., Galahova D.O., Zamedyanskaya A.S., TitovaK.A., Glotov A.G., Taranov O.S., Omigov V.V., Shishkina L.N., Agafonov A.P., Sergeev A.N. The possibility of using the ICR mouse as an animal model to assess anti-monkeypox drug efficacy. Transbound. Emerg. Dis. 2015a; DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12323</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National research Council: Guidelines on laboratory animal care and use, 8th ed. National research Council of the National Academies, Washington: The National Academies Press, 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sergeev A.А., Kabanov A.S., Bulychev L.E., Sergeev A.A., Pyankov O.V., Bodnev S.A., Galahova D.O., Zamedyanskaya A.S., Titova K.A., Glotova T.I., Taranov O.S., Omigov V.V., Shishkina L.N., Agafonov A.P., Sergeev A.N. Using the ground squirrel (Marmota bobak) as an animal model to assess monkeypox drug efficacy. Transbound. Emerg. Dis. 2015b; DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12364</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarkar J.K., Mitra A.C., Mukherjee M.K., De S.K., Guha Mazumdar D. Virus excretion in smallpox. I. Excretion in the throat, urine and conjunctive of patients. Bull. WHO. 1973;48:517-522.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sergeev Ar.A., Kabanov A.S., Bulychev L.E., Sergeev Al.A., Taranov O.S., Titova K.A., Pyankov O.V., Zamedyanskaya A.S., Gorbatovskaya D.O., Agafonov A.P., Sergeev A.N., Shishkina L.N. Sposob otsenki aktivnosti lechebno-profilakticheskikh preparatov protiv virusa natural’noy ospy [A method to assess of activity of anti-smallpox therapeutic and prophylactic drugs]. Patent RF, no. 2522483. Bul. no. 20 dated 07.20.14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sergeev A.А., Kabanov A.S., Bulychev L.E., Sergeev A.A., Pyankov O.V., Bodnev S.A., Galahova D.O., Zamedyanskaya A.S., Titova K.A., Glotov A.G., Taranov O.S., Omigov V.V., Shishkina L.N., Agafonov A.P., Sergeev A.N. The possibility of using the ICR mouse as an animal model to assess anti-monkeypox drug efficacy. Transbound. Emerg. Dis. 2015a; DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12323</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shishkina L.N., Sergeev A.N., Agafonov A.P., Sergeev A.A., Kabanov A.S., Bulychev L.E., Sergeev A.A., Gorbatovskaya D.O., Pyan­kov O.V., Bormatov N.I., Schukin G.I., Selivanov B.A., Tihonov A.Ia. Lechebno-profilakticheskoe sredstvo protiv virusa natural’noy ospy i sposoby ego polucheniya i primeneniya [A therapeutic and prophylactic drug against variola virus and methods for its preparation and use]. Patent RF, no. 2543338. Bul. no. 6 dated 02.27.15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sergeev A.А., Kabanov A.S., Bulychev L.E., Sergeev A.A., Pyankov O.V., Bodnev S.A., Galahova D.O., Zamedyanskaya A.S., Titova K.A., Glotova T.I., Taranov O.S., Omigov V.V., Shishkina L.N.,</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith S.K., Olson V.A., Karem K.L., Jordan R., Hruby D.E., Damon I.K. In vitro efficacy of ST246 against smallpox and monkeypox. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2009;53:1007-1012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agafonov A.P., Sergeev A.N. Using the ground squirrel (Marmota bobak) as an animal model to assess monkeypox drug efficacy. Transbound. Emerg. Dis. 2015b; DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12364</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wahl-Jensen V., Cann J.A., Rubins K.H., Huggins J.W., Fisher R.W., Johnson A.J., de Kok-Mercado F., Larsen T., Raymond J.L., Hensley L.E., Jahrling P.B. Progression of pathogenic events in cynomolgus macaques infected with variola virus. PLoS One. 2011;6: e24832.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith S.K., Olson V.A., Karem K.L., Jordan R., Hruby D.E., Damon I.K. In vitro efficacy of ST246 against smallpox and monkey-pox. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2009;53:1007-1012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaks L. Statisticheskoe otsenivanie [Statistical Estimation]. Moscow, Statistika, 1976.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wahl-Jensen V., Cann J.A., Rubins K.H., Huggins J.W., Fisher R.W., Johnson A.J., de Kok-Mercado F., Larsen T., Raymond J.L., Hensley L.E., Jahrling P.B. Progression of pathogenic events in cynomolgus macaques infected with variola virus. PLoS One. 2011;6: e24832.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wahl-Jensen V., Cann J.A., Rubins K.H., Huggins J.W., Fisher R.W., Johnson A.J., de Kok-Mercado F., Larsen T., Raymond J.L., Hensley L.E., Jahrling P.B. Progression of pathogenic events in cynomolgus macaques infected with variola virus. PLoS One. 2011;6: e24832.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
