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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-25-06</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-4475</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНОМИКА И ТРАНСКРИПТОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PLANT GENETICS AND BREEDING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ сходств и различий образцов Prunus domestica L. и P. insititia L. по размерам эндокарпия и вариациям</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of similarities and differences of accessions belonging to Prunus domestica L. and P. insititia L. using endocarp dimensions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0402-3395</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Милошевич</surname><given-names>Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Milošević</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Факультет агрономии в г. Чачак; Кафедра садоводства и виноградарства</p><p>Чачак</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Agronomy in Čačak; Department of Fruit Growing and Viticulture</p><p>Republic of Serbia; Čačak </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tomomilosevic@kg.ac.rs</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8779-4354</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Милошевич</surname><given-names>Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Milošević</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра помологии и селекции фруктов</p><p>Чачак</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Depаrtment of Pomology and Fruit Breeding</p><p>Republic of Serbia; Čačak </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Крагуевацкий университет<country>Сербия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">University of Kragujevac<country>Serbia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт фруктов<country>Сербия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Fruit Research Institute<country>Serbia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Милошевич Т., Милошевич Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Милошевич Т., Милошевич Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Milošević T., Milošević N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4475">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4475</self-uri><abstract><p>   Эндокарпий, или косточка, является наиболее стабильной морфологической особенностью рода Prunus. Однако идентификация типов, групп и/или генотипов сливы на основе эндокарпия осложнена из-за широкого спектра вариаций и морфологических переходных состояний. С этой точки зрения знание степени изменчивости внутри и между видами или сортами сливы является непременным условием для таксономистов и помологов. В нашем исследовании различные морфологические признаки эндокарпия, такие как SW, линейные размеры (L, W и T), Da, Dg, S, V и индексы формы (φ, SI, E, RS, RO, DE и PI), были определены с помощью дисперсионного анализа и многомерного анализа (корреляции и PCA). В результате обнаружены значительные различия между образцами по всем оцененным свойствам, но с высоким перекрытием значений. В большинстве случаев исследованные параметры положительно или отрицательно коррелировали друг с другом, что указывало на связи развития между ними. Действительно, положительные корреляции были зарегистрированы для большинства переменных, особенно связанных с SW и линейными размерами эндокарпия. Эти результаты показали, что вышеперечисленные свойства могут служить мощным индикатором для выбора адекватного размера и формы эндокарпия образцов, которые могут быть использованы в таксономическом анализе. Выявленные корреляции были использованы для проведения анализа методом главных компонент (PCA), что позволило правильно оценить не только размеры и форму эндокарпия, но и диапазоны варьирования признаков, включая дисперсию, а также распределение образцов по группам. Все линейные измерения и значения индекса показали нормальную или низкую изменчивость на индивидуальном уровне в большинстве случаев, за исключением SW, V и PI у европейской сливы и сливы Damson и S у сливы Damson. Из 15 исследованных параметров для европейской сливы были получены значительно более высокие значения SW, L, T, Da, Dg, S, E, RO и PI по сравнению со сливой Damson. Напротив, слива Damson отличалась более высокими значениями SI, RS и DE, тогда как значения W, V и φ были схожими.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The endocarp or stone is the most stable morphological feature of the genus Prunus. However, the identification of plum types, groups and/or genotypes based on endocarp is complicated because of a wide range of variation and morphological transitional states. From this point of view, knowledge on the degree of variability within and between plum species or cultivars is a sine qua non for taxonomists and also for pomologists. In this study, different endocarp morphological traits, such as SW, linear dimensions (L, W and T), Da, Dg, S, V and shape indexes (φ, SI, E, RS, RO, DE and PI) were determined using analysis of variance and multivariate analysis (correlations and PCA). Results showed significant differences among accessions for all properties evaluated but with high overlaps in values. In most cases, the examined parameters were positively or negatively correlated with each other, indicating developmental relationships between them. Indeed, positive correlations were recorded for most variables, especially related to SW and endocarp linear dimensions. These results showed that the above properties could be a powerful indicator for selecting adequate endocarp size and shape in accessions, which may be used in taxonomic analysis. With an account of these correlations, PCA was employed to correctly estimate the endocarp size and shape and distribution, segregation and dispersion of accessions. All linear measurements and index values showed a normal or low variability at the individual level in most cases, with the exception of SW, V and PI in both European and Damson plums and S in Damson plums. Of the 15 examined parameters, European plum had significantly higher SW, L, T, Da, Dg, S, E, RO and PI values than Damson plum. In contrast, Damson plum had higher SI, RS and DE values, while W, V and φ were similar.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эндокарпий</kwd><kwd>слива европейская и чернослива</kwd><kwd>морфологические свойства</kwd><kwd>размер</kwd><kwd>индексы формы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>endocarp</kwd><kwd>European and Damson plums</kwd><kwd>morphological properties</kwd><kwd>size</kwd><kwd>shape indexes</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>Financial support for this research was provided by the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovations of the Republic of Serbia (grants 451-03-66/2024-03/200088 and 451-03-66/2024-03/200215).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bawari S., Sah A.N., Tewari D. 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