vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-25-10vavilov-4479Research Article1SYMBIOTIC SYSTEMSСимбиоз внутриклеточных бактерий Wolbachia с насекомыми: некоторые итоги ста лет изученияSymbiosis of intracellular bacteria Wolbachia with insects: a hundred years of study summarizedШишкинаО. Д.ShishkinaO. D.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

shishkinaod@bionet.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3272-1518ГрунтенкоН. Е.GruntenkoN. E.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation2025030320252917991Copyright © Шишкина О.Д., Грунтенко Н.Е., 20252025Шишкина О.Д., Грунтенко Н.Е.Shishkina O.D., Gruntenko N.E.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4479

   Wolbachia pipientis – α-протеобактерия, широко распространенный внутриклеточный симбионт у ряда видов Arthropoda и некоторых видов Nematoda. Вместе с насекомыми W. pipientis образует систему «симбионт–хозяин», характеризующуюся очень тесными взаимодействиями между ее компонентами. Влияния в обоих направлениях, которые оказывает как вольбахия на хозяина, так и хозяин на вольбахию, являются важными биотическими факторами для обеих составляющих этой симбиотической системы. Вольбахия способна оказывать воздействие как на размножение хозяина, так и на работу соматических органов. Благодаря своей распространенности среди насекомых и большому разнообразию как отрицательных (среди самых известных примеров – цитоплазматическая несовместимость и андроцид), так и положительных эффектов (повышение устойчивости к биотическим и абиотическим факторам, обеспечение витаминами и метаболитами), оказываемых на организм хозяина, вольбахия вызывает огромный интерес у энтомологов и микробиологов. Разнообразие вызываемых вольбахией фенотипов хозяина обеспечивает широкий выбор эволюционных стратегий, таких как репродуктивный паразитизм или взаимовыгодные отношения между симбионтом и хозяином, которыми она пользуется. Влияние вольбахии необходимо учитывать при постановке любого эксперимента, проводимого на насекомых. Применение технологий секвенирования привело к появлению новых подходов для изучения существующих связей внутри системы «Wolbachia–насекомое», однако интерпретация полученных данных представляет определенную сложность. Тем не менее перспективы использования данных полногеномного анализа для изучения коэволюции Wolbachia и хозяина не вызывают сомнений. Активно осуществляются проекты по внедрению в популяции насекомых штаммов вольбахии, обеспечивающих противовирусную защиту хозяина, для контроля распространения РНК-вирусов, что может способствоватьспасению многих человеческих жизней.

   Целью этого обзора стало обобщение данных, полученных учеными за прошедшие сто лет изучения Wolbachia, и современных представлений о ее генетическом разнообразии и механизмах взаимодействия с хозяином, в том числе основанных на данных транскриптомного анализа.

   Wolbachia pipientis is an α-proteobacterium, which is a widespread intracellular symbiont in a number of Arthropoda and some Nematoda species. With insects, W. pipientis forms a symbiont-host system characterized by very close interactions between its components. The mutual effects of Wolbachia on the host and the host on Wolbachia are important biotic factors for both components of this symbiotic system. Wolbachia is able to affect both host reproduction and somatic organ function. Due to its prevalence among insects and a wide variety of both negative (cytoplasmic incompatibility and androcide are among the most well-known examples) and positive (increasing resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, providing vitamins and metabolites) effects on the host organism, Wolbachia is of great interest for both entomologists and microbiologists. The diversity of host phenotypes induced by Wolbachia provides a broad choice of evolutionary strategies (such as reproductive parasitism or mutually beneficial symbiont-host relationships) that it utilizes. The influence of Wolbachia is to be considered in the design of any experiment conducted on insects. The application of sequencing technologies has led to new approaches being created to study the existing relationships within the Wolbachia-insect system, but interpretation of the data obtained is challenging. Nevertheless, the prospects for the use of the whole-genome analysis data to study Wolbachia-host coevolution are beyond doubt. Ongoing projects to introduce Wolbachia strains, which provide antiviral host defense, into insect populations to control the spread of RNA-viruses are actively pursued, which could result in saving many human lives.

   The aim of this brief review is to summarize the data collected by scientists over the past hundred years of Wolbachia studies and the current understanding of its genetic diversity and mechanisms of interaction with the host, including those based on transcriptome analysis.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.