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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ15.076</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-452</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ МЕТОДЫ БИОТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PLANT BREEDING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Селекция гибридных форм как стимул развития молекулярно-генетических исследований у ржи</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hybrid breeding boosted molecular genetics in rye</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шлегель</surname><given-names>Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Schlegel</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">rolf.schlegel@t-online.de</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Прежнее место работы: Лейбниц-институт генетики растений и исследования культурных растений, Гатерслебен, Германия&#13;
Текущий адрес: Корренсштрассе 1, D-06466 Гатерслебен, Германия<country>Германия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Previous address: Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Gatersleben, Germany&#13;
Current address: Corrensstrasse 1, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany<country>Germany</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>12</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>589</fpage><lpage>603</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шлегель Р., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шлегель Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Schlegel R.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/452">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/452</self-uri><abstract><p>Селекция ржи ведет свою историю начиная с 1850 г. с направленной селекции в семеноводческом хозяйстве Probsteier (Германия). Более чем 150-летний период селекции дал колоссальные результаты. Благодаря малому числу и небольшим размерам хромосом рожь долгое время была объектом цитологических исследований. Тем не менее вплоть до начала 1980-х годов информации в области генетических исследований ржи было не так уж много. Большие успехи были достигнуты только с развитием новых методов, таких как дифференциальное C-окрашивание, гибридизация in situ, белковые и молекулярные маркеры. Молекулярно-генетические исследования на ржи получили мощный импульс в значительной степени благодаря селекции гибридных форм ржи и успешному внедрению гибридных сортов в производство. Фундаментальные генетические знания, основанные на анализе внутри- и межвидового разнообразия и филогенетических отношений в роде Secale, в том числе с помощью ядерных и цитоплазматических ДНК-маркеров, способствовали успешному подбору родительских форм для скрещивания и тем самым внесли вклад в достижение высокого эффекта гетерозиса. Обсуждаются основные достижения гибридной селекции у ржи и генетические механизмы, используемые для реализации различных стратегий гибридной селекции. Перспективной стратегией маркер-контро­лируемого получения гибридных форм является пере­нос генов от местных стародавних сортов и диких видов ржи с помощью метода, сочетающего беккроссную селекцию с QTL-анализом и отбором по генотипу, или путем создания и использования так называемых библиотек интрогрессий. Маркер-контролируемый отбор и геномная селекция, основанные на полногеномных данных по маркерам, служат также для улучшения прогнозирования показателей получаемых гибридных форм. Результаты генетических исследований (в том числе картирования, филогенетических и популяционных исследований) рассматриваются в свете целей и задач гибридной селекции. К настоящему моменту в геноме картировано около 450 генов, контролирующих признаки и/или кодирующих известные белки, а также около 5000 ДНК-маркеров. Они не только соотнесены с определенной хромосомой или участком генома, но и успешно используются для сравнительного картирования в эволюционных исследованиях, контролируемой передачи интрогрессий, маркирования QTL и маркер-ориентированной селекции.</p><p>Перевод с английского В.В. Гулевича</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>History of rye (Secale cereale L.) breeding began from the first targeted selections made in Germany by the Probsteier Seed Cooperative around 1850, and over 150 years breeding yielded a tremendous amount of results. Rye has also long been used as cytological subject due to its low number of chromosomes and their size. However, genetic findings in rye up to the early 1980s were rather scant. About 120 genes could be assigned to seven linkage groups. Only through the development of new methods such as C-banding, in situ DNA hybridization, enzymology and molecular marker techniques achieved an enormous progress. Particularly, the latter was driven by agronomic success of hybrid breeding in rye. The basic genetic knowledge resulted from intra- and interspecies genetic diversity assay and phylogenetic studies in the genus Secale using nuclear and cytoplasmic molecular markers facilitated successful selection of parents for hybrid breeding and hence contributed to improvement of heterosis effects. Main achievements in rye hybrid breeding and genetic mechanisms exploited for different hybrid breeding strategies are discussed. The utilsation of landraces and wild relatives via advanced backcross procedures, combined by QTL analysis and introgression libraries, contributed to increase of heterotic effects. Those marker-assisted approaches became the basis of recent hybrid breeding of rye. Prediction of hybrid performance can also be improved significantly by marker-assisted selection and genomic selection based on genomewide marker data. The findings in rye genetics (including phylogenetic, mapping and population studies) are reviewed in their relation with the hybrid breeding purposes and demands. Overall, about 450 morphological and biochemical traits are mapped throughout the genome plus about 5,000 DNA markers. They are not only associated with individual chromosome or segments but also efficiently used for comparative mapping (evolutionary studies) introgression monitoring, QTL tagging, and marker-assisted selection.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>растение</kwd><kwd>рожь</kwd><kwd>Secale</kwd><kwd>молекулярный маркер</kwd><kwd>генетическое картирование</kwd><kwd>физическое картирование</kwd><kwd>локус количественного признака</kwd><kwd>SNP</kwd><kwd>RFLP</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>words: plant</kwd><kwd>rye</kwd><kwd>Secale</kwd><kwd>molecular marker</kwd><kwd>gene mapping</kwd><kwd>linkage studies</kwd><kwd>physical mapping</kwd><kwd>QTL</kwd><kwd>SNP</kwd><kwd>RFLP</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кобылянский В.Д. Цитоплазматическая мужская стерильность у диплоидной ржи. 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