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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ15.07</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-453</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ МЕТОДЫ БИОТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PLANT BREEDING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Подходы по улучшению качества зерна пшеницы: селекция на число падения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Approaches to improve wheat grain quality: breeding for falling number</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крупнов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krupnov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">vasiliy_krupnov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крупнова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krupnova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">"Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение Научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства Юго-Востока,Саратов, Россия"<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Agricultural Research Institute for South-East Regions, Saratov, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>12</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>604</fpage><lpage>612</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Крупнов В.А., Крупнова О.В., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Крупнов В.А., Крупнова О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krupnov V.A., Krupnova O.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/453">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/453</self-uri><abstract><p>Число падения (ЧП) отражает уровень активности альфа-амилазы в зерне/муке и является международным стандартом качества зерна. Чем ниже ЧП, тем ниже качество зерна и его цена. Главные причины снижения ЧП – видимое или скрытое предуборочное прорастание (ПП) в условиях неблагоприятной погоды. Решающую роль в получении стабильно высокого ЧП играет селекция на устойчивость к предуборочному прорастанию (УкПП), а также непосредственно на ЧП. В последние десятилетия достигнут большой прогресс в понимании биохимических и молекулярных процессов, происходящих при ПП; изучении генетического контроля УкПП и ЧП, в разработке методов селекции на УкПП и ЧП. В России селекция на эти признаки и соответствующие теоретические исследования еще не получили должного развития и отражения в литературе. Показаны генетическая сложность и контекст-зависимость признаков УкПП и ЧП. Специфика селекции на высокий уровень УкПП и ЧП включает удаление LMA-генотипов (LMA, late maturity α-amylase) при подборе родителей для скрещивания и в ранних поколениях гибридов, выбор генетически различных доноров целевых признаков, методы оценки сортов и линий на УкПП и ЧП в разных условиях внешней среды, определение размера F2 популяций с учетом необходимости сочетания УкПП и ЧП с высокой продуктивностью, качеством зерна и другими признаками. Новые перспективы в селекции открывают новые подходы и методы, в частности перевод гетерозигот в гомозиготное состояние (DH-метод), а также ДНК-технологии, обеспечивающие обоснованный подбор доноров УкПП и ЧП, пирамидирование желательных аллелей и эффективный отбор с помощью функциональных или тесно сцепленных молекулярных маркеров.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Falling number (FN) reflects the level of alpha amylase activity in grain. The main factor responsible for high α amylase levels and low FN values is visible or hidden preharvest sprouting (PHS) under adverse weather conditions. In recent decades, great progress has been made in the understanding of biochemical and molecular processes accompanying PHS and the genetic control of preharvest sprouting resistance (PHSR) and FN, as well as in the development of methods of breeding for PHSR and FN. However, breeding for these traits and the corresponding theoretical studies have not yet been properly developed or reflected in the Russian literature. The purpose of the review is to fill this gap. It illustrates the genetic complexity and context dependence of the PHSR and FN traits and of major factors impairing FN. A specific feature of breeding for high PHSR and FN is that it involves elimination of late maturity α-amylase (LMA) genotypes in choosing parents for crossing and from early hybrid generations; choice of donors of target traits with regard to their genetic diversity; methods of evaluation of varieties and lines for PHSR and FN under different environmental conditions; determination of F2 population size with regard to combination of PHSR, FN, high performance, grain quality, and other commercial traits. New methods and approaches in breeding open new prospects. They include the doubled haploid (DH) method, allowing homozygotes to be obtained from early hybrid generations; and DNA technologies, which permit genetically reasonable selection of PHSR and FN donors, pyramiding of desirable alleles, and efficient selection of desired offspring using closely linked molecular markers.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>альфа-амилаза</kwd><kwd>устойчивость к предуборочному прорастанию</kwd><kwd>число падения</kwd><kwd>молекулярные маркеры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>alpha amylase</kwd><kwd>preharvest sprouting resistance</kwd><kwd>falling number</kwd><kwd>molecular markers</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беспалова Л.А., Васильев А.В., Аблова И.Б., Филобок В.А., Худокормова Ж.Н., Давоян Р.О., Давоян Э.Р., Карлов Г.И., Соловьев А.А., Дивашук М.Г., Майер Н.К., Дудников М.В., Мироненко Н.В., Баранова О.А. 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