vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-25-23vavilov-4538Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА РАСТЕНИЙPLANT GENETICSСодержание витамина С и профиль экспрессии генов метаболизма аскорбата в зеленых листьях и отбеленной части ложного стебля гибридов F1 лука-порея (Allium porrum L.)Vitamin C content and profile of ascorbate metabolism gene expression in green leaves and bleached parts of the pseudostem of leek (Allium porrum L.) F1 hybridsФилюшинМ. А.FilyushinM. A.

Москва

Moscow

michel7753@mail.ruСерединТ. М.SeredinT. M.

Москва

Moscow

ЩенниковаА. В.ShchennikovaA. V.

Москва

Moscow

КочиеваЕ. З.KochievaE. Z.

Москва

Moscow

Федеральный исследовательский центр Фундаментальные основы биотехнологии» Российской академии наукРоссияFederal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202510042025292200209Copyright © Филюшин М.А., Середин Т.М., Щенникова А.В., Кочиева Е.З., 20252025Филюшин М.А., Середин Т.М., Щенникова А.В., Кочиева Е.З.Filyushin M.A., Seredin T.M., Shchennikova A.V., Kochieva E.Z.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4538

Лук-порей (Allium porrum L.) – экономически важная овощная культура семейства Amaryllidaceae с широким спектром лечебных и питательных качеств, в том числе благодаря накоплению витамина С (L-аскорбиновая кислота, аскорбат). Аскорбат – органическое водорастворимое соединение, которое выполняет множество функций в метаболизме клеток растения, в том числе участвует в качестве эффективного антиоксиданта в ответе растительных клеток на биотические и абиотические стрессовые факторы. Метаболизм аскорбата включает биосинтез (преимущественно L-галактозный путь) и рециклинг (восстановление окисленных форм до аскорбата). Генные сети, определяющие метаболизм аскорбата в растениях лука-порея, малоизученны. В настоящей работе гибриды F1, полученные от 13 скрещиваний образцов лука-порея отечественной и зарубежной селекции, охарактеризованы по всхожести семян, содержанию аскорбата и экспрессии генов биосинтеза (PGI, PMI, PMM, VTC1b, GME1, GME2, VTC2, GPP, GalDH и GalLDH) и рециклинга (APX1, APX2, MDHAR1, MDHAR4, MDHAR5, DHAR2, GR) аскорбата в проростках, зеленых листьях и отбеленной части стебля взрослых растений. Также проведен поиск корреляций между уровнем экспрессии генов метаболизма аскорбата и количеством витамина С у лука-порея. Показано, что изучаемым гибридам присуща высокая (89–100 %) всхожесть семян, за исключением гибрида от скрещивания 74×Аллигатор (55 %). В проростках и зеленых листьях образцов девяти гибридов F1 выявлен повышенный уровень экспрессии генов VTC2, MDHAR1, MDHAR4 и/или MDHAR5, что позволило считать эти образцы перспективными с точки зрения возможной стрессоустойчивости. Четыре гибрида, которые характеризовались наименьшим (33×30, 74×Аллигатор) и наибольшим (81×95, 36×38) содержанием аскорбата в проростках, были выбраны для дальнейшего детального анализа взрослых растений на содержание растворимых сахаров и аскорбата, уровень экспрессии генов метаболизма аскорбата и морфологические характеристики (длина, толщина и масса ложного стебля). Выявлено, что зеленые листья гибридов 36×38 и 81×95 содержат существенно больше аскорбата, чем 33×30 и 74×Аллигатор. В отбеленных стеблях всех четырех гибридов содержание аскорбата было значительно ниже, чем в зеленых листьях. Образцы 36×38 и 81×95 отличались также наибольшим количеством растворимых сахаров в отбеленной части ложного стебля, употребляемой в пищу. Гибрид 81×95 формировал ложный стебель, превышающий по размеру и массе стебель остальных трех гибридов. В зеленых листьях содержание аскорбата положительно коррелировало с уровнем экспрессии генов рециклинга аскорбата (APX2, MDHAR1, MDHAR4), что может быть использовано в селекции стрессоустойчивых гибридов лука-порея с повышенным содержанием витамина С.

Leek (Allium porrum L.) is an economically important vegetable crop of the family Amaryllidaceae with a wide range of medicinal and nutritional properties, in part due to the accumulation of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid, ascorbate). Ascorbate is an organic water-soluble compound, which performs many functions in plant cell metabolism, including as one of an effective antioxidant in plant cell responses to biotic and abiotic stress factors. Ascorbate metabolism includes biosynthesis (mainly the L-galactose pathway) and recycling (reduction of oxidized forms to ascorbate). The gene networks that determine ascorbate metabolism in leek plants are poorly understood. In this work, crosses of leek varieties/lines were carried out. Accessions of F1 hybrids were characterized for seed germination rate, ascorbate content and expression of ascorbate biosynthesis (PGI, PMI, PMM, VTC1b, GME1, GME2, VTC2, GPP, GalDH, GalLDH) and recycling (APX1, APX2, MDHAR1, MDHAR4, MDHAR5, DHAR2, GR) genes in seedlings, as well as green leaves and bleached stem parts of the adult plant. A search for correlations between the level of expression of ascorbate metabolism genes and the amount of vitamin C in leeks was also carried out. It was shown that the studied hybrids are characterized by high (89–100 %) seed germination, with the exception of the hybrid from the 74×Alligator cross (55 %). An increased level of expression of the VTC2, MDHAR1, MDHAR4 and/or MDHAR5 genes was detected in the seedlings and green leaves of nine F1 hybrids, which allowed us to consider these samples promising in terms of possible stress resistance. Four hybrids that were characterized by the lowest (33×30, 74×Alligator) and highest (81×95, 36×38) ascorbate content in seedlings were selected for a further detailed analysis of adult plants for the content of soluble sugars and ascorbate, gene expression and morphological characteristics (length, thickness and weight of the false stem). It was confirmed that green leaves of the 36×38 and 81×95 hybrids contain significantly more ascorbate than the 33×30 and 74×Alligator hybrids. In all four hybrids, the ascorbate content was significantly lower in the bleached stems than in the green leaves. Accessions 36×38 and 81×95 were also characterized by the highest amount of soluble sugars in the bleached part of the false stem used for food. In addition, the false stem formed by the 81×95 hybrid was larger and heavier than the stems of the other three hybrids. A direct dependence of ascorbate content on the transcript level of ascorbate recycling genes (APX2, MDHAR1, MDHAR4) in green leaves was revealed, which can be used in the breeding of stress-resistant leek hybrids with a high content of vitamin C.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.