vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-25-24vavilov-4539Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА РАСТЕНИЙPLANT GENETICSМорфологическая изменчивость и генетическая структура Miscanthus sinensis (Poaceae), культивируемого в лесостепи Западной СибириMorphological variability and genetic structure of Miscanthus sinensis (Poaceae) cultivated in the forest-steppe of Western SiberiaДорогинаО. В.DoroginaO. V.

Новосибирск

 Novosibirsk

olga-dorogina@yandex.ruКубанИ. Н.KubanI. N.

Новосибирск

 Novosibirsk

ЗуеваГ. А.ZuevaG. A.

Новосибирск

 Novosibirsk

ЖмудьЕ. В.ZhmudE. V.

Новосибирск

 Novosibirsk

ВасильеваО. Ю.VasilyevaO. Yu.

Новосибирск

 Novosibirsk

Центральный сибирский ботанический сад Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет,РоссияCentral Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State UniversityRussian FederationЦентральный сибирский ботанический сад Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияCentral Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202510042025292210218Copyright © Дорогина О.В., Кубан И.Н., Зуева Г.А., Жмудь Е.В., Васильева О.Ю., 20252025Дорогина О.В., Кубан И.Н., Зуева Г.А., Жмудь Е.В., Васильева О.Ю.Dorogina O.V., Kuban I.N., Zueva G.A., Zhmud E.V., Vasilyeva O.Y.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4539

Miscanthus sinensis Andersson (Poaceae), как и все другие виды рода Miscanthus, является растением муссонного климата, поэтому в суровых условиях лесостепи Западной Сибири не успевает сформировать жизнеспособные семена. При изучении большого числа образцов этого вида из коллекционного генофонда Центрального сибирского ботанического сада СО РАН, привезенных из различных районов Приморского края, впервые удалось отобрать две формы, S1 и S2 (selected), образующие в местных условиях в течение короткого вегетационного периода качественные зрелые семена, из которых были получены первое и второе, G1 и G2 (generation), репродуктивные поколения. Цель настоящего исследования – отбор, биоморфологическая характеристика раноцветущих декоративных форм M. sinensis и анализ генетического полиморфизма отобранных форм (S1, S2) и полученных поколений (G1, G2) с помощью маркеров ISSR. В условиях интродукции отобранные образцы M. sinensis характеризовались комплексной устойчивостью к болезням и вредителям, высокой декоративностью, ранними сроками цветения и образованием полноценных семян. При изучении генетического полиморфизма с помощью маркеров ISSR у родительских образцов S1 и S2 обнаружено от одного до трех уникальных ПЦР-фрагментов. Исследование генетической изменчивости в поколении G1 показало полное единообразие генотипов. В поколении G2 наблюдалась изменчивость, при этом нами найдено пять вариантов генотипов. В результате выявлены уникальные полиморфные фрагменты, длина которых варьировала от 300 до 3000 п.н.; с их помощью составлена генетическая формула для паспортизации отобранных нами форм M. sinensis. Эти формы характеризуются высокими репродуктивными способностями в условиях континентального климата, перспективны для селекции, а, благодаря своим биоморфологическим особенностям, – и для ландшафтного дизайна.

Miscanthus sinensis Andersson (Poaceae) grows in monsoon climate. For this reason, when cultured under the conditions of a short growing season of Western Siberia, full-fledged seeds do not have time to form. We have studied a large number of specimens of this species from Primorsky Krai in the collection of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS. Using these samples, it was possible for the first time to select forms that produce high-quality mature seeds in local conditions during a short growing season, possibly due to spontaneous hybridization of early flowering forms. We obtained the first and second (G1 and G2) generations from these seeds and checked for hybrids. The aim of this study is selection, biomorphological characterization of early flowering ornamental forms of M. sinensis and analysis of genetic polymorphism of the selected forms (S1, S2) and the obtained G1 and G2 generations using ISSR markers. Under the conditions of introduction, the selected samples of M. sinensis were characterized by complex resistance, high decorativeness, reached the ontogenetic state of mature generative plants and differed from other samples in the collection by early flowering and the formation of full-fledged seeds. Thus, the forms of M. sinensis we selected are promising for landscape design and breeding. When studying the genetic structure of G1, G2 and two generations of the sample using ISSR markers, three effective stable unique PCR fragments were identified. A study of the genetic variability of the resulting G1 generation showed complete uniformity of genotypes. In the G2 generation, variability was observed, and we found five sets of genotypes, which were also confirmed in the dendrogram. As a result, unique molecular polymorphic fragments were identified. Their length was 300–3000 bp, and the genetic formula for certification of M. sinensis was compiled.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.