vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-25-27vavilov-4542Research ArticleСИМБИОТИЧЕСКИЕ СИСТЕМЫSYMBIOTIC SYSTEMSАквапорины и их роль в растительно-микробных системахAquaporins and their role in plant-microbial systemsКудряшоваТ. В.KudriashovaT. R.

Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург

Pushkin, St. Petersburg

t.kudryashova@arriam.ruКрюковА. А.KryukovA. A.

Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург

Pushkin, St. Petersburg

ГоренковаА. И.GorenkovaA. I.

Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург

Pushkin, St. Petersburg

ЮрковА. П.YurkovA. P.

Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург

Pushkin, St. Petersburg

Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной микробиологииРоссияAll-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural MicrobiologyRussian Federation202510042025292238247Copyright © Кудряшова Т.В., Крюков А.А., Горенкова А.И., Юрков А.П., 20252025Кудряшова Т.В., Крюков А.А., Горенкова А.И., Юрков А.П.Kudriashova T.R., Kryukov A.A., Gorenkova A.I., Yurkov A.P.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4542

Мировые потери сельскохозяйственной продукции из-за дефицита воды, вероятно, более значительны, чем от других причин, вместе взятых. Причины дефицита воды у растений могут быть связаны с недостатком атмосферных осадков, высокой температурой воздуха и другими факторами, которые могут привести к снижению содержания доступной для растений воды в почве. Большинство наземных растений способно вступать в симбиоз с грибами арбускулярной микоризы. Такой симбиоз выполняет ключевую роль в минеральном питании многих видов наземных растений. Транспорт воды в растениях, ее использование регулируются, в первую очередь, с участием трансмембранных белков – аквапоринов. С помощью аквапоринов растение может «экономить» воду, что является важным элементом стратегии адаптации растения к условиям дефицита воды. По некоторым сведениям, грибы арбускулярной микоризы в условиях засухи способны снижать экспрессию генов аквапоринов растения, тем самым уменьшая транспорт воды внутри тканей растения-хозяина, что приводит к ее «экономии». С другой стороны, в настоящее время в научной литературе информации о механизмах взаимодействия растения и грибов арбускулярной микоризы при регуляции работы аквапоринов недостаточно. Кроме того, имеющиеся в различных источниках сведения о работе аквапоринов у разных видов растений могут противоречить друг другу. Аквапорины в растениях представлены несколькими подсемействами, и их число для разных видов варьирует. Изучение этого семейства транспортеров важно для понимания водного транспорта в растениях и оценки влияния на него со стороны грибов арбускулярной микоризы. В обзоре собраны данные об истории изучения, структуре, локализации, филогении, функциях аквапоринов. Развитие знаний о функционировании симбиотических систем будет способствовать созданию биоудобрений на основе микробной биомассы для использования в сельском хозяйстве Российской Федерации.

Global losses of agricultural products from water scarcity could be greater than from all other causes combined. Water deficiency in plants can result from insufficient precipitation, elevated air temperatures, and other factors that reduce the water available in the soil. Most terrestrial plants are able to form symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Arbuscular mycorrhiza plays a key role in the mineral nutrition of many terrestrial plant species. Water transport in plants is regulated primarily by aquaporins, transmembrane proteins. Aquaporins help plants save water, which is an important component of the plant’s adaptation strategy to water scarcity. Some studies suggest that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can decrease the expression of aquaporin genes in plants under drought conditions, which reduces water transport within host plant tissues and conserves available water. On the other hand, there is little scientific evidence of the interaction mechanisms between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi during aquaporin regulation. In addition, the information in different sources on the aquaporin functions in different plant species may be contradictory. Plant aquaporins are represented by several subfamilies; their number varies for different species. A more comprehensive study of these transporters can enhance our understanding of water transport in plants and assess how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can influence it. This review contains data on the history of studies of the structure, localization, phylogeny, and functions of aquaporins. Advancing the study of the symbiotic system functioning may contribute to the development of biofertilizers based on soil microorganisms for agricultural uses in the Russian Federation.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.