vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-25-30vavilov-4545Research ArticleПОПУЛЯЦИОННАЯ ГЕНЕТИКА ЖИВОТНЫХPOPULATION GENETICS OF ANIMALSТаксономическое разнообразие микробных сообществ холодного сероводородного источника Безымянный (Прибайкальский район, Республика Бурятия)Taxonomic diversity of microbial communities in the cold sulfur spring Bezymyanny (Pribaikalsky district, Republic of Buryatia)БанзаракцаеваТ. Г.BanzaraktsaevaT. G.

Улан-Удэ

Ulan-Ude

tuyana_banz@mail.ruЛаврентьеваЕ. В.LavrentyevaE. V.

Улан-Удэ

Ulan-Ude

ДамбаевВ. Б.DambaevV. B.

Улан-Удэ

Ulan-Ude

УльзетуеваИ. Д.UlzetuevaI. D.

Улан-Удэ

Ulan-Ude

ХахиновВ. В.KhakhinovV. V.

Улан-Удэ

Ulan-Ude

Институт общей и экспериментальной биологии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of General and Experimental Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationИнститут общей и экспериментальной биологии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Бурятский государственный университет им. Доржи БанзароваРоссияInstitute of General and Experimental Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; D. Banzarov Buryat State UniversityRussian FederationБайкальский институт природопользования Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияBaikal Institute of Nature Management of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationБурятский государственный университет им. Доржи БанзароваРоссияD. Banzarov Buryat State UniversityRussian Federation202511042025292268278Copyright © Банзаракцаева Т.Г., Лаврентьева Е.В., Дамбаев В.Б., Ульзетуева И.Д., Хахинов В.В., 20252025Банзаракцаева Т.Г., Лаврентьева Е.В., Дамбаев В.Б., Ульзетуева И.Д., Хахинов В.В.Banzaraktsaeva T.G., Lavrentyeva E.V., Dambaev V.B., Ulzetueva I.D., Khakhinov V.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4545

Экологические условия холодных серосодержащих источников благоприятствуют росту и развитию богатых микробных сообществ со множеством уникальных бактерий цикла серы. В настоящей работе с использованием высокопроизводительного секвенирования гена 16S рРНК было изучено таксономическое разнообразие микробных сообществ трех различных биотопов (микробный мат, донный осадок и вода) в холодном сероводородном источнике Безымянный, расположенном на побережье озера Байкал (Прибайкальский район, Республика Бурятия). В результате секвенирования проб микробного мата, донного осадка и воды получено 76 972 последовательности, отнесенных к 1714 ASV (amplicon sequence variant – варианты последовательностей ампликонов). Анализ распределения ASV по биотопам выявил высокий показатель (66–93 %) уникальности трех исследуемых сообществ. Оценка индекса альфа-разнообразия показала, что сообщество донного осадка имело более высокие индексы, сообщество микробного мата отличалось наименьшим разнообразием. В исследуемых сообществах в разных пропорциях доминировали бактерии филумов Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, Campylobacterota, Actinomycetota, Desulfobacterota. Установлены особенности структуры сообществ исследуемых биотопов. Сообщество микробного мата было представлено преимущественно бактериями рода Thiothrix (43.2 %). В сообществе донного осадка основу составляли бактерии рода Sulfurovum (11.2  %), содоминировали неклассифицируемые таксоны (3.2–1 %). Микробное сообщество воды характеризовалось присутствием последовательностей, обнаруженных только в воде. Данные последовательности были отнесены к родам Novosphingobium, Nocardioides, Legionella, Brevundimonas, Sphingomonas, Bacillus, Mycobacterium, Sphingopyxis, Bradyrhizobium и Thiomicrorhabdus. Во всех изучаемых сообществах были идентифицированы сероокисляющие бактерии  (SOB) и серовосстанавливающие бактерии (SRB), что свидетельствует о протекающих процессах цикла серы в экосистеме источника Безымянный. Необходимо отметить, что во всех сообществах присутствовали последовательности неклассифицированных и некультивируемых бактерий цикла серы, и в целом значительную долю последовательностей (20.3–53.9 %) не удалось классифицировать.

The environmental conditions of cold sulfur springs favor the growth and development of abundant and diverse microbial communities with many unique sulfur cycle bacteria. In this work, the taxonomic diversity of microbial communities of three different biotopes (microbial mat, bottom sediment, and water) in the cold sulfur spring Bezymyanny located on the shore of Lake Baikal (Pribaikalsky district, Republic of Buryatia) was studied using highthroughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. By sequencing the microbial mat, bottom sediment, and water samples, 76,972 sequences assigned to 1,714 ASVs (ASV, amplicon sequence variant) were obtained. Analysis of the ASV distribution by biotopes revealed a high percentage (66–93 %) of uniqueness in the three communities studied. An estimate of the alpha diversity index showed that bottom sediment community had higher indices, while microbial mat community was characterized by a lowest diversity. Bacteria of the phyla Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, Campylobacterota, Actinomycetota, Desulfobacterota dominated in different proportions in the studied communities. The features of the community structure of the studied biotopes were established. The microbial mat community was represented mainly by Thiothrix (43.2 %). The bottom sediment community was based on Sulfurovum (11.2 %) and co-dominated by unclassified taxa (3.2–1 %). Sequences assigned to the genera Novosphingobium, Nocardioides, Legionella, Brevundimonas, Sphingomonas, Bacillus, Mycobacterium, Sphingopyxis, Bradyrhizobium and Thiomicrorhabdus were found only in the water microbial community. Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were identified in all the communities studied, which indicates the ongoing processes of the sulfur cycle in the Bezymyanny spring ecosystem. It should be noted that sequences of unclassified and uncultivated sulfur cycle bacteria were present in all communities and a significant proportion of sequences (20.3–53.9 %) were not classified.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.