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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ15.081</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-457</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА ЧЕЛОВЕКА И МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ ГЕНЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HUMAN GENETICS AND MEDICAL GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Противоположные ассоциации мутаций генов HRAS и KRAS с клиническими параметрами рака мочевого пузыря</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The opposite association of HRAS and KRAS mutations with clinical variables of bladder cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смаль</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smal</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">marharyta.smal@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ролевич</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rolevich</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">alexander.rolevich@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Набебина</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nabebina</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">nabebina.t@yandex.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Красный</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasny</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончарова</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharova</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">R.Goncharova@igc.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Государственное научное учреждение «Институт генетики и цитологии НАН Беларуси», Минск, Беларусь<country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus<country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">РНПЦ онкологии и медицинской радиологии им. Н.Н. Александрова, Лесной, Минский р-н, Беларусь<country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Center of Belarus, Lesnoy, Minsk District, Belarus<country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>12</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>638</fpage><lpage>646</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Смаль М.П., Ролевич А.И., Набебина Т.И., Красный С.А., Гончарова Р.И., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Смаль М.П., Ролевич А.И., Набебина Т.И., Красный С.А., Гончарова Р.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Smal M.P., Rolevich A.I., Nabebina T.N., Krasny S.A., Goncharova R.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/457">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/457</self-uri><abstract><p>Продукты генов HRAS, KRAS и NRAS принадлежат к суперсемейству малых гуанозинтрифосфатаз (ГТФаз), осуществляющих регуляцию клеточного ответа на внешние стимулы посредством активации различных сигнальных путей. В настоящее время доказана роль активирующих мутаций этих генов в патогенезе различных типов раковых заболеваний человека. Вместе с тем значение молекулярных изменений генов семейства RAS при раке мочевого пузыря (РМП) остается мало изученным. Целью настоящего исследования явилось изучение частоты и спектра мутаций генов HRAS, KRAS и NRAS, анализ их связи с клинико-морфологическими характеристиками, а также оценка прогностического значения молекулярных изменений этих генов в отношении отдаленных результатов лечения в проспективной когорте из 249 пациентов с РМП. Выявленные с помощью метода SNaPshot мутации генов RAS наблюдались с частотой 11,2 %, причем на мутации гена HRAS приходилось 64,3 %, KRAS – 28,6 % и NRAS – 7,1 %. Нами не обнаружено связи между всеми мутациями генов семейства RAS и патоморфологическими характеристиками. Однако при индивидуальном анализе впервые показаны противоположные ассоциации мутаций генов HRAS и KRAS с клиническими парамет- рами РМП: мутации HRAS были статистически значимо ассоци­ированы с низкой степенью распространения, высокой степенью дифференцировки, папиллярным характером роста и небольшими размерами опухоли (р &lt; 0,05), тогда как мутации KRAS наблюдались чаще в уротелиальных карциномах, характеризующихся солидным характером роста и наличием метастазов (р &lt; 0,05). При анализе прогностического значения молекулярных изменений показана связь мутаций гена KRAS со сниженным уровнем онкоспецифической выживаемости в общей группе пациентов, а также в подгруппе с немышечно-инвазивным РМП. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что молекулярные изменения генов HRAS и KRAS, по-видимому, характеризуют альтернативные пути патогенеза РМП: мутации HRAS связаны с благоприятным, а KRAS – с агрессивным течением заболевания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>HRAS, KRAS and NRAS gene products belong to the superfamily of small GTPases. These proteins regulate cellular response to extracellular stimuli by means of activation of different signaling pathways. Although the role of RAS gene mutations in the pathogenesis of various human cancers has been established, the clinical significance of these molecular alterations in bladder cancer remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and spectrum of HRAS, KRAS and NRAS mutations, to analyze their relationships with clinicopathological variables and to determine the prognostic value of these alterations in terms of recurrence, progression and mortality, in a prospective cohort of 249 bladder cancer patients. The frequency of RAS mutations detected by the SNaPshot method, was found to be 11.2 %, of which HRAS mutations accounted for 64.3 %, KRAS, for 28.6 % and NRAS, for 7.1 %. We failed to find any correlation between all RAS mutations and pathomorphological characteristics. However, when analyzed separately, HRAS and KRAS mutations were for the first time shown to be associated with the opposite clinical parameters of bladder cancer: HRAS mutations were significantly associated with low-stage low-grade papillary tumors of a small size (р &lt; 0.05), whereas KRAS mutations were associated with non-papillary urothelial carcinomas and the presence of metastasis (р &lt; 0.05). Analysis of the prognostic value of molecular alterations revealed an association of KRAS mutations with decreased cancer-specific survival in both the whole group of patients and the subgroup with non-muscle invasive disease. The data obtained suggest that HRAS and KRAS gene mutations may characterize alternative pathways of bladder cancer pathogenesis: HRAS mutations indicating benign and KRAS mutations, aggressive disease course.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак мочевого пузыря</kwd><kwd>HRAS</kwd><kwd>KRAS</kwd><kwd>NRAS</kwd><kwd>SNaPshot</kwd><kwd>мутация</kwd><kwd>прогностическое значение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bladder cancer</kwd><kwd>HRAS</kwd><kwd>KRAS</kwd><kwd>NRAS</kwd><kwd>SNaPshot</kwd><kwd>mutation</kwd><kwd>prognostic value</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>БРФФИ</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Океанов А.Е., Моисеев П.И., Левин Л.Ф. Статистика онкологических заболеваний в Республике Беларусь (2003–2012). Минск: РНПЦ ОМР им. Н.Н. 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