vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-25-39vavilov-4602Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА РАСТЕНИЙPLANT GENETICSСовременные методы в исследованиях генома персика (Prunus persica)Modern methods in peach (Современные методы в исследованиях генома персика (Prunus persica)) genome researchРозановаИ. В.RozanovaI. V.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

i.rozanova@vir.nw.ruВодясоваЕ. А.VodiasovaE. A.

п.г.т. Никита, Ялта, Республика Крым

Nikita, Yalta, Republic of Crimea

Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)РоссияFederal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)Russian FederationНикитский ботанический сад – Национальный научный центр РАНРоссияThe Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National Scientific Centre of RASRussian Federation202503062025293358369Copyright © Розанова И.В., Водясова Е.А., 20252025Розанова И.В., Водясова Е.А.Rozanova I.V., Vodiasova E.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4602

Персик (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) – одна из основных сельскохозяйственных плодовых косточковых культур семейства розоцветных. Современная селекция направлена на улучшение качества плодов, расширение сроков их получения, создание сортов с устойчивостью к неблагоприятным условиям среды и снижение общих затрат на производство культивируемых сортов. При этом селекция персика – долгий процесс: от гибридизации родительских форм до получения плодоносящих деревьев проходит 10–15 лет. Исследования сор тов персика как доноров желаемых признаков начались с 1980-х годов. Первый вариант генома персика был представлен в 2013 г., и его появление способствовало определению и локализации локусов, с последующим обнаружением генов-кандидатов, под чьим контролем находится хозяйственно ценный признак. Развитие методов NGS ускорило продвижение подходов, основанных на применении диагностических ДНК-маркеров. К таким подходам, позволяющим ускорять процессы классической селекции, относятся маркер-ориентированная селекция и геномная селекция. Для того чтобы разработать ДНК-маркеры, ассоциированные с изучаемыми свойствами, необходимо провести предварительное картирование локусов, контролирующих хозяйственно ценные признаки, создать карты сцепления. Работы по пангеному показали необходимость анализировать большее количество образцов, так как до сих пор не хватает данных для нахождения полиморфных областей генома. Развиваются подходы использования SNP-чипов и методов генотипирования через секвенирование (GBS, genotyping-by-sequencing). В последние годы для обнаружения локусов генома, ассоциированных с хозяйственно ценными признаками, активно применяется метод полногеномного анализа ассоциаций (GWAS, genome-wide association studies), для использования которого требуется скрининг больших выборок сортов по сотням и тысячам SNP. Цель настоящего обзора – систематизация и обобщение основных достижений в области геномных исследований персика за последние 40 лет: построение карт сцепления и физических карт, получение различных молекулярных маркеров, полногеномное секвенирование для персика, а также описание существующих работ полногеномных исследований ассоциаций с маркерами SNP высокой плотности. Этот обзор обеспечивает теоретическую основу для проведения GWAS с целью выявления высокоэффективных маркеров хозяйственно ценных признаков для персика и развития геномной селекции этой культуры.

Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) is one of the main agricultural stone fruit crops of the family Rosaceae. Modern breeding is aimed at improving the quality of the fruit, extending the period of its production, increasing its resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions and reducing the total cost of production of cultivated varieties. However, peach breeding is an extremely long process: it takes 10–15 years from hybridization of the parental forms to obtaining fruit-bearing trees. Research into peach varieties as donors of desirable traits began in the 1980s. The first version of the peach genome was presented in 2013, and its appearance contributed to the identification and localization of loci, followed by the identification of candidate genes that control the desired trait. The development of NGS has accelerated the development of methods based on the use of diagnostic DNA markers. Approaches that allow accelerating classical breeding processes include marker-oriented selection (MOS) and genomic selection. In order to develop DNA markers associated with the traits under investigation, it is necessary to carry out preliminary mapping of loci controlling economically desirable traits and to develop linkage maps. SNP-chip approaches and genotyping by sequencing (GBS) methods are being developed. In recent years, genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) has been actively used to identify genomic loci associated with economically important traits, which requires screening of large samples of varieties for hundreds and thousands of SNPs. Study on the pangenome has shown the need to analyze a larger number of samples, since there is still not enough data to identify polymorphic regions of the genome. The aim of this review was to systematize and summarize the major advances in peach genomic research over the last 40 years: linkage and physical map construction, development of different molecular markers, full genome sequencing for peach, and existing methods for genome-wide association studies with high-density SNP markers. This review provides a theoretical basis for future GWAS analysis in order to identify high-performance markers of economically valuable traits for peach and to develop genomic selection of this crop. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.